Sistemas dinámicos discretos unidimensionais: estabilidade, bifurcacións e aplicacións en bioloxía
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Abstract
As ecuacións diferenciais ordinarias serven para modelar o comportamento dunha especie
cando esta evoluciona no tempo de maneira continua. Sen embargo, cando o crecemento da poboación é un proceso estacional, resulta máis axeitado traballar con sistemas dinámicos discretos
unidimensionais.
O obxectivo principal deste traballo é introducir ao alumno no estudo cualitativo dos sistemas
dinámicos discretos unidimensionais e a súa aplicación. Un esquema aproximado dos contidos é
o incluído a continuación.
O primeiro paso é establecer un marco teórico para levar a cabo o estudo da estabilidade
local seguindo o esquema proporcionado en [7, Capítulo 1], a estabilidade global [2, 5, 15] e as
bifurcacións [16, Sección 3.2].
En segundo lugar, aplícase a teoría desenvolvida a modelos de poboación clásicos, coma o
de Beverton-Holt ou o de Ricker. Os resultados teóricos acompáñanse con gráficas e simulacións
numéricas realizadas co programa MATLAB.
Para rematar, realízase unha interpretación dos resultados obtidos en termos biolóxicos.
Ordinary differential equations are useful to model the behavior of a species as it evolves continuously over time. However, when the population growth is a seasonal process, it is more appropriate to work with one-dimensional discrete dynamical systems. The main objective of this work is to introduce the student into the qualitative study of one-dimensional discrete dynamical systems and their applications. An approximate outline of the contents is the one specified below. The rst step is to establish a theoretical framework for conducting the study of local stability following the lines in [7, Chapter 1], global stability [2, 5, 15], and bifurcations [16, Section 3.2]. Second, the theory developed is applied to classical population models, such as the Beverton-Holt or Ricker models. The theoretical results are presented with graphs and numerical simulations performed with MATLAB. Finally, an interpretation of the results obtained in biological terms is made.
Ordinary differential equations are useful to model the behavior of a species as it evolves continuously over time. However, when the population growth is a seasonal process, it is more appropriate to work with one-dimensional discrete dynamical systems. The main objective of this work is to introduce the student into the qualitative study of one-dimensional discrete dynamical systems and their applications. An approximate outline of the contents is the one specified below. The rst step is to establish a theoretical framework for conducting the study of local stability following the lines in [7, Chapter 1], global stability [2, 5, 15], and bifurcations [16, Section 3.2]. Second, the theory developed is applied to classical population models, such as the Beverton-Holt or Ricker models. The theoretical results are presented with graphs and numerical simulations performed with MATLAB. Finally, an interpretation of the results obtained in biological terms is made.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2021-2022
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