GAME

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10347/40023

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Revisiting methods for estimating interregional input-output accounts: It’s not just about trade flows
(Elsevier, 2024-04-17) Sargento, Ana Lúcia Marto; Lahr, Michael L.; Ferreira, João Pedro; Torre Cuevas, Fernando de la; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Estudos e Desenvolvemento de Galicia (IDEGA)
A basic underlying assumption in most of the research to date is that intermediate industry accounts of the economies in multiregional input-output (MRIO) tables exist and are accurate. In fact, if they exist at the subnational level, such accounts are, at best, roughly estimated and predicated on far less empirical information than is available for economies of nations. Moreover, intra-economy intermediate-industry flows are typically larger than the set of a region's commodity in- and out-flows. So, if intermediate industry flows in a set of MRIO accounts are noticeably mis-estimated, it follows that interregional trade coincidentally derived using them must be even more conspicuously in error. We hypothesize as more information is used to estimate MRIO accounts, the better the estimates should be. We start our experiment by consolidating 2019 FIGARO accounts of the 27 member states of the European Union, while maintaining sectoral detail, to produce a “national account”. We then test several approaches to constructing MRIO tables. The approaches distribute interregional trade fully by receiving industry, as in FIGARO, as well as strictly in the form of a diagonalized matrix as if the commodity inflows are competitive imports. To do this, both a gravity model and RAS are applied to each approach. We then test to see how well the approaches estimate main features of FIGARO's MRIO accounts and detail a rather consistent ranking of the relative accuracy of them. We also find that the level of error inherent to the estimated MRIOs is markedly similar across approaches, particularly for multipliers. Further, relaxing interregional trade to a diagonalized matrix tends to add very little error. The approach that uses the least data is, however, markedly worse in replicating countries’ direct requirements matrices and Leontief inverses, which suggests its use in a more-limited set of applications
Subnational MRIO building: the added value of household consumption and aggregate value-added data
(Taylor & Francis, 2026-02-16) Torre Cuevas, Fernando de la; Lahr, Michael L.; Sargento, Ana Lúcia Marto; Ferreira, João Pedro; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Estudos e Desenvolvemento de Galicia (IDEGA)
Data scarcity makes subnational input-output accounts inaccurate. Builders of such accounts must resort to allocating output, value added, imports, and exports to regions using readily available industry-wise data, like shares of national jobs by industry. Meanwhile, population shares are typically used to allocate other final demand components. Lately, however, some statistical agencies have been releasing more subnational data. Surprisingly, builders of subnational input-output accounts do not appear to use them. This is probably due to uncertain trade-offs between the costs and benefits of deploying such data. We, therefore, explore the degree to which using some value-added and household consumption data can improve subnational multiregional input-output accounts. We find that integrating either household-consumption or some value-added data improves account accuracy little. Using both datasets in combination, however, does improve estimated accounts somewhat. Plus, together they portray rather accurate estimates of interregional income multipliers and consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions
El turismo académico en Galicia: otra forma de contribución de las universidades a las economías locales
(Universidad de Murcia, 2013) Martínez Roget, Fidel; Pereira López, Xesús; Pawlowska, Ewa; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Economía Aplicada; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Economía Cuantitativa; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Estudos e Desenvolvemento de Galicia (IDEGA)
Las estancias temporales de estudiantes en instituciones de educación superior, fuera de sus lugares de residencia habitual, pueden ser consideradas como turismo académico. Impulsada por diferentes programas de intercambio esta nueva tipología de turismo ha experimentado un crecimiento muy importante en los últimos años. Paralelamente a este desarrollo, parece interesante conocer las repercusiones económicas generadas en las zonas receptoras por esta movilidad estudiantil, en la que desempeñan un papel clave las universidades. En este estudio se ha partido del gasto realizado por los estudiantes internacionales durante el curso 2007/2008, para cuantificar el impacto económico generado por el turismo académico en Galicia
STEM and international trade in a gender perspective: the cases of Brazil, Chile and Mexico
(Universidad de Huelva, 2024-12-13) Blanco Varela, Bruno; Campos Romero, Hugo; Amoedo, José Manuel; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Economía Cuantitativa; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Economía Aplicada; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
The development of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in Latin America plays a critical role in fostering technological progress and innovation, thereby enhancing economic growth and competitiveness through trade, which, in turn, stimulates investments in R&D. This study explores the influence of economic opportunities presented by international trade on the gender gap among STEM-trained professionals. The findings reveal that exports of high-value-added services contribute positively to the labour market inclusion of women. Despite this progress, gender segregation continues to be a major barrier to bridging the gender gap,indicating a persistent adherence to traditional gender roles
Effects of autism spectrum disorder on parents labour market: Productivity loss and policy evaluation in Kazakhstan
(SAGE Publications, 2024-09-04) Kosherbayeva, Lyazzat; Kozhageldiyeva, Laura; Pena Boquete, Yolanda; Samambayeva, Aizhan; Seredenko, Maria; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Estudos e Desenvolvemento de Galicia (IDEGA)
Kazakhstan has witnessed a significant increase in the number of Autism Spectrum Disorder cases due to the implementation of mechanisms for early detection. At the same time, the government has implemented various policies to address the impact of Autism Spectrum Disorder on the labour market, especially for parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and registered disability status. However, the effectiveness of these policies needs to be evaluated. Therefore, this article aims to estimate the loss of productivity, specifically the labour market cost of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Kazakhstan in 2022, by calculating the cost of non-working for parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. To achieve this goal, we integrate data from official sources and a survey conducted by the project team to estimate the loss of productivity using human capital models. In addition, we conduct policy simulations to assess the impact of the recent policies implemented in Kazakhstan to mitigate the effects of Autism Spectrum Disorder on parents’ working experience. Our results reveal that the productivity loss is substantial, being mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and disability particularly affected. Furthermore, based on the outcomes of the policy simulations, it becomes evident that policies solely targeting parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and disability are insufficient to address the labour market gaps and the consequent loss of productivity. Lay abstract Kazakhstan has witnessed a significant increase in the number of Autism Spectrum Disorder cases due to the implementation of mechanisms for early detection. However, despite these efforts, accessing quality services and effective interventions for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder remains challenging. While the government has implemented various policies to address the impact of Autism Spectrum Disorder on the labour market, especially for those with disabilities, the effectiveness of these policies needs to be evaluated. Therefore, this article aims to estimate the loss of productivity by calculating the cost of non-working for parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. To achieve this goal, we combine data from official sources with data from our own survey to estimate the loss of productivity using human capital models. In addition, we conduct policy simulations to assess the impact of the existing policy implemented in Kazakhstan that recognises the time of caring for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and disability as working in the paid labour market. Our results reveal that the productivity loss is substantial, with mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder being particularly affected. Furthermore, based on the outcomes of the policy simulations, it becomes evident that policies solely targeting parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and disability are insufficient to address the labour market gaps and the consequent loss of productivity. To effectively mitigate the impact of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the labour market, a more comprehensive approach is needed. This approach should encompass a broader range of interventions and support mechanisms, including those for individuals without disabilities and parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
COVID-19 in Spain. Coming back to the “new normality” after 2 months of confinement
(IPA, International Psychogeriatric Association, 2020) Mateos Álvarez, Raimundo; Fernández Fernández, Melchor; Franco, Manuel; Sánchez, Manuel; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
Estimation of the equivalent tourist population trough indirect methods
(Emerald, 2020) Fernández Fernández, Melchor; Lazovski, Oleg; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
Purpose This proposal represents four main advantages: the immediate availability of the relevant information to the local manager; its potential application to any municipality regardless of its size; its reduced economic cost both in terms of information and calculation; and the possibility of obtaining information for very short periods (monthly or even daily) which is very important in areas where the population varies significantly throughout the year. Design/methodology/approach The authors present an indirect estimation method based on extrapolating the equivalent tourist population from the monthly variations in the production of solid urban waste. Findings It would also be desirable to compare the estimates made by using other indirect indicators such as electricity or water consumption, which could also provide relevant information on the degree of use of second homes. Originality/value These advantages turn this indicator into a practical and accessible estimation tool, which can be directly applied to the planning and management of all types of services and facilities provided by municipalities.
Desafíos socioeconómicos do cambio demográfico
(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 2020) Fernández Fernández, Melchor; López Penabad, Celia; Iglesias Casal, Ana; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Economía Financeira e Contabilidade
El impacto del camino de Santiago a escala local: la percepción de los residentes de dos municipios gallegos
(Universidad de Murcia, 2021) Fernández Fernández, Melchor; Fernández Méndez, Diana; Riveiro García, Dolores; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
Este trabajo estudia la percepción de los residentes de dos municipios rurales sobre los impactos económicos, sociales, culturales y medioambientales del Camino de Santiago, a partir de la información cuantitativa obtenida en una encuesta de satisfacción. Los resultados revelan una percepción global positiva y descartan problemas de percepción de saturación vinculados al creciente número de peregrinos que recorren sus localidades. Además, lavaloración global no depende de la proximidad de la residencia al Camino, pero es más positiva para los individuos con ingresos vinculados a actividades turística y para los que tienen un contacto más frecuente con los peregrinos.
Methodological contribution to the detection of backward linkages between sectors of the economy
(Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 2021) Pereira López, Xesús; Węgrzyńska, Małgorzata Anna; Fernández Fernández, Melchor; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
In national accounting, there are several synthetic indicators derived from the Leontief inverse, referred to as Total Material Requirement coefficients, which are commonly used in efficiency analyses and are known as input-output multipliers. Among the many indices that can be elaborated from input-output analysis, those related to the detection of key sectors are of special relevance since measuring the importance of a productive sector is especially relevant for policymakers when facing the need to make decisions to promote economic growth. There are two main alternative methods to identify key economic sectors, namely the Classical Multiplier method and the Hypothetical Extraction method (HEM), which essentially differ on the role of internal effects (the impact experienced by the sector in question). While the Classical method quantifies these internal effects, the HEM considers only the external impact. The latter method enables calculating backward linkages by isolating the column corresponding to demand-side sectors. However, such an alteration of the economic system can seem unrealistic and may give rise to doubts as to whether the results are biased, which in turn would cause incorrect public investment and false sectoral priorities. This paper offers an alternative method to detect key sectors based on a normalization of the Leontief inverse. After discussing the properties of the proposed standardization, the HEM, the Classical Multiplier method, and the one proposed here, are formally and empirically compared by using the 2010 input-output tables for Poland and Spain. The findings indicate that distinguishing and disaggregating the external effects from those that are purely internal has relevant policy implications. This disaggregation can be achieved through the proposed methodology, while avoiding the criticisms mentioned regarding the HEM, and with less effort required to calculate it
Os traballadores maiores e a estratexia Europa 2020
(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 2012) Rey Suárez, Pedro María; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
Unha das consecuencias do avellentamento da sociedade europea é que cada vez haberá menos traballadores activos e máis persoas dependentes, polo que cómpre sinalar, por unha parte, a importancia de que os traballadores non se xubilen antes de tempo e, por outra parte, o negativo que resulta que as taxas de emprego dos traballadores de entre 55 e 64 anos non cheguen a representar nin sequera o 50%. O noso obxectivo é demostrar o beneficio que representaría para o conxunto da sociedade impulsar políticas que incentivasen a permanencia no posto de traballo dos traballadores maiores, para o que realizamos un percorrido polas políticas europeas destinadas a este fin nos últimos anos.
Trends, triggers, and type of plagiarist on academic assignments: a case of study at the Spanish university
(United Academic Journals, 2021) Canay Pazos, José Raúl; Martínez Ballesteros, Hugo; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Gonzalo; Failler, Pierre; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Economía Aplicada
The aim of the paper is to deepen the knowledge of plagiarism among college students in a Spanish University and to propose measures leading to its reduction. An analytical framework was developed to compare students’ perception of the plagiarism that they perform with data provided by anti-plagiarism software, which provided objective information about student’s real plagiarism behaviour. The data´s comparison revealed a general lack of knowledge about plagiarism; 37 % of the students declared ignorance of what it is. They were able to recognise cheating activities as plagiarism only when severe. Thus, cheating attitudes were perceived as morally acceptable in the most common plagiarism situations such as the reproduction of works from the internet. In policy terms, the implementation of training measures is advisable to provide students with conceptual tools to help them avoid and reject plagiarism. Improving compliance and the articulation of gradual and adapted punishments to the cheaters will be relevant to reinforce the educational system and reduce dishonest attitudes.
A modification of the Cross-Industry Location Quotient for Projecting Sub-Territorial Input-Output Tables
(Universidad de Huelva, 2022) Sánchez Chóez, Napoleón Guillermo; Pereira López, Xesús; Fernández Fernández, Melchor; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
Economic accounts at sub-territorial level are projected primarily through Location Quotients (LQ). The degrees of sectoral specialisation at this level will therefore be key in spatial projections. This article advocates rectified use of the Cross-Industry Location Quotient (CILQ). Indirectly, the aim is to check to what extent CILQs are well exploited, given that they are the fundamental reference in other techniques. The input-output (IO) tables for the Euro 19 Area for 2010 and 2015 are taken as a reference for analysis purposes. A statistic is used to measure the degree of similarity between the accounting frameworks of ten countries in the Euro Area and their projections using CILQ, Flegg's formula, its augmented version, and the CILQ variant.
Measuring Technological Change through an Extended Structural Decomposition Analysis: An Application to EU-28 Primary Sectors (2010–2015)
(MDPI, 2022) Pereira López, Xesús; Węgrzyńska, Malgorzata Anna; Sánchez Chóez, Napoleón Guillermo; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
This paper addresses the input–output structural decomposition for an economic analysis. The objective is to determine the causes of changes in production in these sectors with a particular focus on disaggregating the technological change by distribution factors associated with a specific normalization of the Leontief inverse. In calculating the net multipliers, an attempt was made to exclude each sectors’ own consumption in a satisfactory manner. However, the treatment of own consumption when introducing a time factor requires further investigation to avoid questionable measurements. An empirical application is presented regarding agriculture, forestry, and fishing sectors in six EU-28 countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain) over the 2010–2015 period. In general, a typical characteristic of primary sectors is the accumulation of a significant amount of their own consumption, facilitated by the design of their own symmetric accounting methods. Therefore, attention is focused on these sectors so as to reveal possible analysis techniques that will provide nuance or validate existing techniques.
Linking regions to the world: simplifying gravity equations to embed regions within global input-output models
(Taylor and Francis, 2025-06-24) Torre Cuevas, Fernando de la; Lahr, Michael L.; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
Multiregional input-output (MRIO) tables composed of nations are often used to measure national participation in global value chains (GVCs) as well as the environmental spillovers affiliated with a nation’s production. But a lack of detailed regional trade data deters the inclusion of subnational economies into global MRIO accounts. To facilitate more-ready development of multi-scale MRIO accounts, we identify a gravity model simplification. We illustrate our approach by spatially disaggregating two hypothetical countries and embedding their regions within a global MRIO model. Our results suggest that it is possible to reduce information requirements while producing relatively accurate multi-scale MRIO accounts.
An Examination of Alternative LQ-Based Approaches to Computing Regional Input–Output Coefficients
(Springer, 2025-03-29) Flegg, Anthony T.; Pereira López, Xesús; Sánchez Chóez, Napoleón Guillermo; Torre Cuevas, Fernando de la; Tohmo, Timo; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Economía Cuantitativa; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
In this paper, we examine alternative methods of computing regional input–output (IO) coefficients, with an emphasis on their relative accuracy and the complexity of the computations required. Our focus is on the well-known FLQ (Flegg’s location quotient) approach. Although the FLQ formula often yields satisfactory results, the need to specify values of the unknown parameter δ in this formula presents an obstacle to its implementation. After examining the FLQ’s conceptual foundations, we develop a possible new approach that obviates the use of this parameter. Instead, the new formula, the hyperbolic tangent LQ or HTLQ, incorporates an alternative proxy for regional self-sufficiency in terms of a new parameter . We argue that, in most cases, it would be reasonable to set = 0.5 . We test our proposal using the 2005 and 2015 Korean survey-based interregional IO datasets and contrast our estimates with both survey-based values and the results from several other techniques. The results suggest that the new formula can yield more accurate estimates of regional IO coeff icients and multipliers, and in a more straightforward way, than is possible with the traditional FLQ.
Relación entre el comercio de artesanías y el sector turístico en Imbabura-Ecuador: consideración desde la planificación y promoción institucional
(Grupo Editorial Espacios, 2023) Núñez, Edwin S.; Riveiro García, Dolores; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
En un contexto de interés creciente por la relación entre el sector de las artesanías tradicionales y el turismo, el objetivo del presente trabajo investigativo es conocer el rol que se le ha otorgado al comercio de artesanías locales en la planificación, gestión y promoción del turismo en el Ecuador y, particularmente, en la provincia de Imbabura, donde el sector de las artesanías tiene especial relevancia por su arraigo histórico. Para ello, se aborda la evolución reciente del sector de artesanías en el Ecuador y su relación con el turismo. Se hace una revisión -a nivel nacional, provincial y cantonal- de las normativas, planes y estrategias institucionales para develar la relevancia concedida al comercio de artesanías en la planificación del turismo. Como principal hallazgo destaca que, si bien se ha dado una visibilidad y preponderancia al comercio de artesanías desde la organización institucional, como eje relevante para el desarrollo del turismo en Ecuador e Imbabura, se han implementado escasas actuaciones y actividades institucionales concretas.
Políticas públicas de desenvolvimento regional na Amazônia Ocidental: O caso das Áreas de Livre Comércio
(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2024) Loiola, Tiago; Correia, Leonida; Fernández Fernández, Melchor; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
A região Norte do Brasil apresenta índices de desenvolvimento inferio-res comparativamente a outras regiões do país. Por essa razão, foram implementadas políticas públicas específicas para a região com o propósito de reduzir as desigual-dades socioeconômicas e melhorar a integração regional. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal desta investigação é compreender os efeitos da política pública de Áreas de Livre Comércio (alcs) nos municípios da Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira. Em par-ticular, analisam-se os impactos sobre várias variáveis socioeconômicas relevantes e eventuais efeitos de spillover sobre os municípios próximos, recorrendo a técnica de Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais. Os resultados evidenciam que o rendimento per capita aumentou nos municípios de alcs, mas também ao nível nacional e na Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira; que existem diferenças intrarregionais quanto aos impactos sobre as variáveis socioeconômicas; e que, em geral, a política pública pouco contribuiu para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e para a integração regional dos municípios de alcs.
The “Temporal Rift” and the Temporalities of the Capitalist Social Metabolism
(Wiley, 2024-07-15) Rey Araújo, Pedro María; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Estudos e Desenvolvemento de Galicia (IDEGA)
This paper advances a reading of the social metabolism as a dynamic orchestration of heterogeneous rhythms, encompassing those intrinsic to human bodies and other natural processes, and those of relations mediating both. Contrary to pre-capitalist societies, as the collective mediation of the social metabolism adopts a capitalist form, it becomes autonomised from its conditions of existence, and a “temporal rift” emerges, with two distinct dimensions: the rhythmic conditions of regeneration of human bodies and natural processes, as well as the terms of occurrence of non-subsumed practices, become subordinated to capital's reproductive needs, thus compromising the reproduction of all Earthly life.
Spatial and interindustry interactions in labour productivity convergence: An Industrial Journey via Galician Shires, 2010–2018
(Elsevier, 2024-10) Torre Cuevas, Fernando de la; Lahr, Michael L.; López Iglesias, Edelmiro; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Economía Aplicada; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
Regions and industries are not isolated islands; so, when evaluating productivity growth, regional and sectoral growth paths should not be expected to generate independently. Moreover, accounting for spatial interactions via econometric models has become normal practice; but modelling interindustry dependencies has not. Thus, we expand labour productivity econometric convergence models by introducing interindustry spillovers in addition to spillovers that are spatial in nature. To illustrate our findings, we present an empirical application predicated upon Galicia (extreme northwest Spain), a region posing major challenges to such modelling. Our results point to the relevance of interindustry spillovers in explaining productivity growth. Furthermore, the approach allows us to better interpret covariates that explain the different growth paths across regions and industries, thus enabling more reliable policy recommendations. We find that interindustry dependencies transmit productivity shocks across regions. In addition, our results suggest that spatial and interindustry dependencies should be considered when formulating (sub)regional economic development policies. Finally, our approach corrects possible misspecification problems that arise from data scarcity. This makes it a viable alternative for multiregional econometric tests in which some sectoral detail is needed. It is particularly useful for sets of regions where data needed to populate such models is scarce.

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