Módulos planos. Teorema de Lazard
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[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es continuar el estudio de los módulos que se inició en el
Grado, en la asignatura de Estructuras Algebraicas, considerando ahora módulos sobre un
anillo arbitrario, no necesariamente conmutativo.
Comenzamos introduciendo algunos conceptos de álgebra categórica, que nos servirán
más adelante para introducir los módulos planos. Damos ejemplos de categorías y funtores,
donde la categoría de módulos y el funtor Hom tienen especial importancia. Además,
definimos y estudiamos la exactitud de un funtor, así como los conceptos de límites directos
e inversos.
A continuación, recordamos la definición de módulo libre y sus principales propiedades,
presentamos los módulos proyectivos e inyectivos y probamos algunas caracterizaciones de
estos.
Finalmente, introducimos el producto tensorial que nos conduce a la definición de módulo
plano. Una vez estudiadas las principales propiedades de estos, presentamos en el
último capítulo, el resultado principal del trabajo, el Teorema de Lazard, que nos proporciona
una relación entre los módulos planos y los módulos libres finitamente generados.
[EN] The main aim of this work is to go further in the study of modules, started in the subject of Algebraic Structures, taking modules over an arbitrary ring, not necessarily over a commutative one. We start by introducing some concepts of categorical algebra, which will be of use when defining flat modules. We give examples of categories and functors, and give special attention to the category of modules and the Hom functor. Furthermore, we define and study the exactness of a functor as well as direct and inverse limits. We then give a reminder of the definition of a free module and of its main properties, we also present projective and injective modules and we prove some characterizations for them. Finally, we introduce the tensor product which leads us to the definition of flat modules. Once we have studied their main properties, we present, on the last chapter, the main result of this work, Lazard’s Theorem, which gives us a relation between flat modules and finitely generated free modules.
[EN] The main aim of this work is to go further in the study of modules, started in the subject of Algebraic Structures, taking modules over an arbitrary ring, not necessarily over a commutative one. We start by introducing some concepts of categorical algebra, which will be of use when defining flat modules. We give examples of categories and functors, and give special attention to the category of modules and the Hom functor. Furthermore, we define and study the exactness of a functor as well as direct and inverse limits. We then give a reminder of the definition of a free module and of its main properties, we also present projective and injective modules and we prove some characterizations for them. Finally, we introduce the tensor product which leads us to the definition of flat modules. Once we have studied their main properties, we present, on the last chapter, the main result of this work, Lazard’s Theorem, which gives us a relation between flat modules and finitely generated free modules.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2018-2019
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