Análisis numérico del modelo de Hodgkin-Huxley
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[ES] A mediados del siglo XX, Hodgkin y Huxley presentaron un modelo que explica el
inicio y propagación del potencial de acción en una neurona. En términos cuantitativos,
condensa la dinámica de la membrana celular y de los canales iónicos implicados en la
transmisión del impulso nervioso en un sistema de cuatro ecuaciones diferenciales no lineales. El objetivo del presente trabajo es resolver numéricamente el modelo de Hodgkin
y Huxley para simular la respuesta de un axón no mielinizado a un estímulo externo. El
modelo se resuelve bajo dos supuestos: homogeneidad espacial y no homogeneidad, empleando métodos clásicos para EDO y funciones intrínsecas de Matlab®
en el primer
caso y métodos de diferencias finitas para EDP en el segundo. Se comienza exponiendo
las implicaciones del modelo desde el punto de vista de la fisiología de una neurona, para
proseguir obteniendo y presentando las ecuaciones que lo conforman, en analogía con las
ecuaciones de un circuito eléctrico. A continuación, se detallan los métodos numéricos que
se emplean para su resolución y se presentan los resultados de la simulación numérica.
Por medio de la simulación numérica, se observó que el modelo reproduce las características básicas de una neurona. Además, se puso de manifiesto el problema de inestabilidad
numérica que surge cuando se desarrollan potenciales de acción y se mostró el efecto determinante de la magnitud y frecuencia de los estímulos en el desarrollo de potenciales de
acción.
[EN] In the middle of the 20th century, a model explaining the initiation and propagation of action potential across a neuron was presented by Hodgkin and Huxley. In quantitative terms, it condenses the dynamics of cellular membrane and ion channels involved in nerve impulse transmission into a system of four non-linear differential equations. The aim of the present work is to numerically solve Hodgkin-Huxley model in order to simulate the response of an unmyelinated axon to an external stimulus. The model is solved under two criterion: space-clamped and non-space-clamped, by employing classical methods for ODEs and Matlab® intrinsic functions for the first criterion and finite-difference methods for PDEs for the second. Firstly, implications of the model in terms of neuronal physiology are exposed and model’s equations are established, in analogy with equations of an electrical circuit. Then, the numerical methods which are to be employed are detailed and numerical results are presented. Through numerical simulation, it was noted that the model was able to replicate basic features of a neuron. Moreover, it was revealed that numerical instability occurs when action potentials are generated and it was shown that size and frequency of stimulus have a decisive effect on the generation of action potentials.
[EN] In the middle of the 20th century, a model explaining the initiation and propagation of action potential across a neuron was presented by Hodgkin and Huxley. In quantitative terms, it condenses the dynamics of cellular membrane and ion channels involved in nerve impulse transmission into a system of four non-linear differential equations. The aim of the present work is to numerically solve Hodgkin-Huxley model in order to simulate the response of an unmyelinated axon to an external stimulus. The model is solved under two criterion: space-clamped and non-space-clamped, by employing classical methods for ODEs and Matlab® intrinsic functions for the first criterion and finite-difference methods for PDEs for the second. Firstly, implications of the model in terms of neuronal physiology are exposed and model’s equations are established, in analogy with equations of an electrical circuit. Then, the numerical methods which are to be employed are detailed and numerical results are presented. Through numerical simulation, it was noted that the model was able to replicate basic features of a neuron. Moreover, it was revealed that numerical instability occurs when action potentials are generated and it was shown that size and frequency of stimulus have a decisive effect on the generation of action potentials.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2020-2021
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