Modelos matemáticos en epidemiología
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[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de distintos modelos epidemiológicos con el fin
de aplicarlos a la situación sanitaria actual.
Para comenzar, se elabora un marco teórico. En él se revisan los conceptos y resultados
de ecuaciones diferenciales que se usan a lo largo del documento y se introduce la teoría
de las ecuaciones diferenciales con retardo, centrada, sobre todo, en el estudio cualitativo
de las mismas. Después, se da paso al planteamiento de sistemas que modelizan diversas
situaciones epidemiológicas y a su análisis, partiendo de los modelos más básicos. A estos
se les añaden distintas características motivadas por el mundo real, dando así lugar a otros
modelos más complejos. Para finalizar, se realizan simulaciones numéricas de los mismos
usando los parámetros conocidos de la pandemia del COVID-19 en Italia y se discute la
adecuación de los modelos a la situación real.
[EN] The goal of this dissertation is the study of different epidemiological models in order to apply them to the current health situation. First of all, a theoretical framework is developed. Concepts and results of differential equations that are used throughout the paper are reviewed and the theory of differential equations with delay is introduced, focusing, above all, on a qualitative study. Then, the approach to systems that model different epidemiological situations and their analysis is given, starting with the most basic models. Different characteristics motivated by the real world are added to these, thus giving rise to other more complex models. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out using the actual parameters of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and the adequacy of the models to the real situation is discussed.
[EN] The goal of this dissertation is the study of different epidemiological models in order to apply them to the current health situation. First of all, a theoretical framework is developed. Concepts and results of differential equations that are used throughout the paper are reviewed and the theory of differential equations with delay is introduced, focusing, above all, on a qualitative study. Then, the approach to systems that model different epidemiological situations and their analysis is given, starting with the most basic models. Different characteristics motivated by the real world are added to these, thus giving rise to other more complex models. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out using the actual parameters of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and the adequacy of the models to the real situation is discussed.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2020-2021
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