Interpolación con splines cúbicos

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Neste traballo introduciremos os splines e amosaremos como, en contraposición á interpolación polinómica e a cachos, resulta unha moi boa ferramenta á hora de interpolar de forma regular. Unha vez presentada a idea intuitiva, estudaremos o espazo de splines de grao 𝓂 con respecto a unha partición de 𝓃 + 1 nós, e moi especialmente a base do espazo constituída polos B-spline, de gran importancia nos cálculos prácticos. Posteriormente resolveremos o problema de interpolación con splines cúbicos (de grao 3), por ser estes os máis empregados na práctica. Trataremos a existencia, a unicidade e o algoritmo de cálculo, que implementamos nun código MATLAB co que amosamos algúns exemplos. Finalmente analizaremos o erro entre o spline interpolador e a función da que proveñen os nós interpolados cando se verifican certas condicións de regularidade nesta última.
In this dissertation, we will introduce splines and prove how, in contrast to polynomial and piecewise interpolation, provide a superior tool for interpolation with regular functions. Once we present the intuitive idea, we will study the space of splines of degree𝓂 with respect to a partition of 𝓃 + 1 nodes, paying special attention to the basis of this space constituted by B-splines, which are of great importance in practical computations. Thereafter, we will solve the interpolation problem using cubic splines, as these are the most commonly used in practice. We will discuss the existence, uniqueness and the calculation algorithm, which we will implement in a MATLAB code to illustrate some examples. Finally, we will analyze the error between the interpolating spline and the function from which the interpolation nodes are derived, assuming certain regularity conditions in the latter.

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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International