Fundamentos da Análise Económica

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Income Composition Inequality and Regional Heterogeneity: the Spanish Case
(Springer, 2026-04-02) Amoedo, José Manuel; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Estudos e Desenvolvemento de Galicia (IDEGA)
Income Composition Inequality (ICI) has emerged as a relevant framework for linking functional and personal income distribution, yet empirical evidence remains limited and focused exclusively on national-level analyses. This paper addresses this gap by offering the first comprehensive regional study of ICI in Spain over the period 2007–2021, a context characterised by pronounced territorial heterogeneity. Using microdata from the Income and Living Conditions Survey and a set of indicators capturing primary and secondary ICI, the article provides three main contributions. First, it demonstrates that ICI varies across regions and that neither its levels nor its patterns of change follow conventional geographical divides documented in the broader inequality literature. This reveals that regional disparities in income composition represent an independent dimension of territorial inequality that cannot be inferred from standard measures of income distribution. Second, the study shows that the concentration of individual income sources (particularly wages by education level, financial income and real estate income) plays a central role in explaining regional divergence, highlighting structural factors such as ageing, specialisation in tourism or exposure to gentrification. Third, the paper documents heterogeneous redistributive capacities across regions and identifies cases where high ICI persists even after transfers, underscoring the need for region-specific approaches to fiscal policy, housing policy and human-capital accumulation. Together, these contributions advance the understanding of ICI by revealing its relevance in contexts with strong regional heterogeneity and by establishing a methodological and empirical foundation for extending regional analyses of income composition to other countries.
Subsidios al desguace de bienes duraderos, heterogeneidad y ecos de reemplazo
(Ministerio de Economía, Comercio y Empresa. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio, 2006) Licandro, Omar; Rodríguez Sampayo, Antonio; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
En un contexto con consumidores heterogéneos y reemplazo endógeno de bienes duraderos, analizamos la propagación dinámica de un subsidio al reemplazo. Encontramos que el subsidio genera flu-tuaciones endógenas en las compras de bienes duraderos. Pero la heterogeneidad en la edad de reemplazo suaviza las fluctuaciones, que tienden a desaparecer en la transición al estado estacionario. Sin embargo, la exigencia de una edad mínima de reemplazo para poder acceder al subsidio, atenúa el papel de la heterogeneidad en la eliminación de las fluctuaciones de forma que, dependiendo del perfil de la heterogeneidad, puede incluso no existir convergencia al nuevo estado estacionario.
Destrucción creativa y las dinámicas de la creación y la destrucción de empleo
(Secretaría de Estado de Comercio, Ministerio de Economía, Comercio y Empresa del Gobierno de España, 2007) Río Iglesias, Fernando del; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
En este artículo se construye un modelo canónico de generaciones de capital con progreso técnico incorporado y regateo de Nash generalizado en el mercado de trabajo. El desempleo está causado por un problema de apropiabilidad del excedente. En este marco la aceleración del progreso técnico incorporado incrementa tanto la creación como la destrucción de empleos. Sin embargo, la respuesta de la destrucción de empleos a tal aceleración es mayor que la respuesta de la creación. Por lo tanto, la destrucción es más volátil que la creación de empleo. Más aún, los patrones de creación y destrucción de empleo no son simétricos.
Incentivos y políticas de gestión de catástrofes ambientales marinas: el Prestige
(Secretaría de Estado de Comercio, Ministerio de Economía, Comercio y Empresa del Gobierno de España, 2006) Loureiro García, María Luz; Vázquez Rodríguez, María Xosé; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
Desastres medio-ambientales como el ocasionado por el buque Prestige son habituales en las costas es-pañolas. En este artículo se realiza una revisión sobre el papel y la efectividad de las diferentes medidas ypolíticas de gestión habitualmente utilizadas para reducir la contaminación marina. También se revisa la su-cesión de deficiencias en los mecanismos de prevención de riesgos que tuvo como consecuencia la catástro-fe del Prestige. Finalmente, presentamos las nuevas medidas legislativas puestas en marcha a raíz de la ca-tástrofe, ofreciendo una comparación en la medida de lo posible con otros sistemas jurídicosinternacionales. A su vez, resumimos las nuevas medidas operativas de protección y acción local aprobadasa raíz de la catástrofe.
Aproximación a las pérdidas económicas ocasionadas a corto plazo por los incendios forestales en Galicia en 2006
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2007) Barrio Martínez, Melina; Loureiro García, María Luz; Chas Amil, María Luisa; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Economía Cuantitativa; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
Este estudio cuantifica parte de las pérdidas económicas a corto plazo o inmediatas (excluyendo las de uso pasivo) ocasionadas por los incendios forestales de Galicia ocurridos en el 2006. El modelo de análisis se basa en la estimación económica de los servicios ecosistémicos perdidos debido a los incendios ocurridos. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que los daños a corto plazo (desde agosto-diciembre 2006) reflejados en las partidas cuantificadas se aproximan a los 300 millones de euros (dependiendo del escenario de análisis).
Synergizing scientific and local knowledge for ecosystem services assessments: A case study in northern Portugal
(Wiley and British Ecological Society, 2026) Cunha, Jacinto; Cabecinha, Edna; Villasante Larramendi, Carlos Sebastián; Balbi, Stefano; Elliott, Michael; Ramos, Sandra; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Ambientais (CRETUS)
Integrating scientific and local ecological knowledge on ecosystem services (ES) is essential for effective and inclusive environmental management. Such an integration strengthens societal engagement, supports policy implementation and helps reduce sectoral conflicts across marine sectors. This study explored this synergy by assessing stakeholder perceptions of local ES and comparing them with existing scientific assessments in the NW coastal area of Portugal. Stakeholders representing four societal sectors (Quadruple Helix framework) prioritized regulation and maintenance ES (RMES), identified RMES supply areas and pressures, and outlined a 20-year vision for the region. Stakeholders classified 16 of the 20 RMES as ‘Very Important’, particularly erosion control, buffering mass movements, coastal protection, or climate regulation. Estuaries and northern coastal areas were identified as RMES supply hotspots. Ten major activities were identified, as well as conflict areas in coastal and estuarine regions, and some marine areas, particularly where fishing, tourism and potential future offshore wind farms overlapped. The stakeholder 20-year vision aligned with environmental policies, advocating an increase in ecosystem-based management (EBM) approaches and effective management of human activities to ensure the maintenance of natural capital. Comparisons between stakeholder and scientific-based maps revealed broad agreement in nearshore areas but discrepancies offshore. While for nearshore regions stakeholders were able to complement the information of the scientific-based maps for ES supply and pressures, less knowledge of offshore regions was observed from the stakeholders. This study highlighted the value of integrating scientific and local stakeholder knowledge to support informed decision-making, filling knowledge gaps and establishing stakeholder priorities for ecosystem management in marine regions that can support more complete, equitable and effective marine planning.
Indigenous Peoples and local communities as agents of transformative change for sustainability
(Nature Research, 2026) Reyes García, Victoria; Villasante Larramendi, Carlos Sebastián; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Ambientais (CRETUS)
Achieving just, equitable, and effective sustainability transformations requires diverse social engagement. This paper identifies five key roles played by Indigenous Peoples and local communities as agents of transformative change: embodying sustainable lifeways, resisting harm and defending rights, extending their practices to influence broader systems, and offering foundational models for care-oriented economies and governance. Through illustrative examples, we show how Indigenous Peoples and local communities actively contribute to global transformation. We emphasize the importance of engaging with a wide range of actors in supporting, expanding, and deepening these contributions to realize meaningful, systemic change toward a sustainable and just future.
Regional science
(Elsevier, 2026-02-26) Lahr, Michael L.; Torre Cuevas, Fernando de la; Jackson, Randall W.; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
Regional science is a rather vast field of inquiry that studies the spatial dynamics of human activity. Accordingly, after a brief description of the field and its early history, this entry focuses upon issues of social measurement, concentrating on subject matter that is core to the field today. It begins with a basic—how to identify regions in a social context? Given space is essential, it then moves on to the role of mobility and how it is modeled. A prime concern of the field follows: regional economic development with concepts of industrial economic primacy and diversity at its core. Associated discussions follow on how to measure and model interindustry relatedness at a subnational level. A stinging concern in the measurement of anything at a subnational level, particularly with any sort of detail by social group or industry, is a lack of data compared to that available for the nation within which regions lie. So, it includes a discussion of how data is masked and how regional scientists typically overcome the data-scarcity problem. The entry ends with some afterwords that apologize for and rationalize its coverage, which inevitably must give the field short shrift.
Single-chamber pacemakers: with or without leads? Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses
(Taylor & Francis, 2025-05-29) Lago Quinteiro, José Ramón; Reyes Santias, Francisco; Antelo Suárez, Manel; Caballer Tarazona, Vicent; Martínez Sande, José Luis; García Seara, Javier; Rodríguez Mañero, Moisés; González Juanatey, José Ramón; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
Introduction The evolution in pacemaker technologies has led to improvements in size, weight, functionality, and durability, even as the battery and electrode-based structural configuration has remained essentially the same. Objective To compare the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of conventional and leadless pacemakers. Material and methods We conducted a retrospective observational study of 403 patients randomly implanted with a conventional or leadless pacemaker (1 June 2015–31 January 2020) in the Hospital-University Complex of Santiago de Compostela (Galicia, NW Spain). Results Conventional and leadless pacemakers were implanted in 244 and 159 patients, respectively. Leadless pacemakers were superior to the conventional pacemakers in terms of both cost-effectiveness and cost-utility, with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of 6,263.38 euros per gained life year and of 5,210.71 euros per quality-adjusted life year, respectively. Conclusions Leadless pacemakers have fewer complications than conventional pacemakers and, although the device itself is more expensive, the leadless pacemaker is more cost-effective in around 90% of cases.
Dynamic Analysis of the Adoption and Diffusion of the Entrepreneur's Behavior: An Institutional Approach
(Wiley, 2026-02-20) Calvo Babío, Nuria; Monje Amor, Ariadna; Atrio Lema, Yago; Urbano Pulido, David; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
A high level of entrepreneurship is a positive indicator of a country's potential for economic growth. However, some countries are more entrepreneurial than others, and this trend is often difficult to change. This paper addresses why the entrepreneur-to-population ratio remains so consistent within a country over time. The analysis is based on the Spanish case, which is one of the countries with the lowest entrepreneurship rates worldwide, despite the regulative efforts of governments over the past 20 years. Drawing on Bass's adoption-diffusion theory of innovations, while also considering the regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive institutional dimensions affecting the entrepreneurs' behavior, we have designed a model that reproduces the flow of entrepreneurs through an entrepreneurial process consisting of three stages: potential entrepreneurs, early-stage entrepreneurs, and established entrepreneurs. Our main findings suggest that the number of entrepreneurs goes after a dynamic of growth and stagnation throughout the process. The Adoption and Diffusion of Entrepreneurs' Behavior (ADEB) model proposed herein explains both the time-limited effect of regulative incentives on the diffusion of entrepreneurs through the entrepreneurial process, as well as the long-term effect of normative and cultural-cognitive institutional dimensions. The theoretical discussion derived from this dynamic analysis provides relevant implications for academics, policy makers, and entrepreneurs.
Spanish recessions 1850–2023: A business cycle accounting analysis
(Elsevier, 2026-03) Lores Insua, Francisco Xavier; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
This paper quantitatively analyzes six major recessions in the Spanish economy between 1850 and 2023 using an accounting framework that decomposes deviations from trend into structural components. The results identify two types of recessions: those driven by labour-aumenting efficiency—such as the fin de siècle Depression and the Great Depression—and those primarily shaped by the household labour wedge—namely, the Great Stagflation, European Recession, Great Recession, and the covid-19 crisis. Tax dynamics played a key role in the Great Stagflation, but not in the more recent crises. Openness and employment composition are informative about labour-aumenting efficiency trend, while institutional labour market features — such as temporary contracts and unemployment benefits — are closely linked to the household labour wedge. The analysis confirms the growing relevance of the household labour wedge in explaining macroeconomic fluctuations in Spain, even when accounting for a stochastic downward trend in hours worked.
Apuntes sobre la investigación económica del cambio climático
(Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio, 2009) Labandeira Villot, Xavier; Loureiro García, María Luz; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
El cambio climático se ha configurado como uno de los principales desafíos ambientalesa que se enfrentan las sociedades contemporáneas. El consenso científico existente sobresus causas y graves efectos, junto a la gran carbonización de las economías actuales,han llevado a que la ciencia económica juegue un papel creciente y fundamental en estecampo. Este trabajo se ocupa de apuntar algunas de las cuestiones básicas queconforman la agenda de investigación de la economía del cambio climático, intentandoademás avanzar las prioridades en el caso español. En particular, se presta unaatención especial a la evaluación económica de los impactos del cambio climático y aldiseño y valoración de políticas públicas correctoras
Impactos socioeconómicos de la Red de Parques Nacionales: Una aproximación al Parque Nacional de Islas Atlánticas
(Asociación Española de Ecología Terrestre, 2010) Alló Pazos, María; Barrio Martínez, Melina; Loureiro García, María Luz; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
La creación de un espacio protegido conlleva múltiples impactos positivos. De hecho, es bien reconocido el gran impulso en la actividad económica que el establecimiento de un Parque Nacional tiene en zonas deprimidas. En este trabajo, hemos analizado los impactos socio-económicos del Parque Nacional de las Islas Atlánticas (PNIA) en su área de influencia, observando una correlación positiva entre el establecimiento del PNIA y determinados indicadores económicos. Sin embargo, es necesario destacar que los efectos no son únicamente aquellos que se pueden reflejar en los mercados locales, existiendo otros además relacionados con la conservación de la biodiversidad o de las tradiciones. Estos aspectos y otros son analizados tanto en una muestra de residentes como de turistas en una encuesta ejecutada en los meses de verano de 2009
Climate change, energy and social preferences on policies: Exploratory evidence for Spain
(Inter-Research Science Publisher, 2011) Hanemann, Michael; Labandeira, Xavier; Loureiro García, María Luz; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
Spain faces a complex situation regarding its climate change policies. On the one hand, greenhouse gas emissions have shown an important increase since 1990, and are far above the Kyoto commitments. On the other hand, the country is likely to suffer significant impacts from climate change. To date, however, there has been a rather limited application of corrective policies, particularly with regard to energy prices. Indeed, although Spanish citizens are generally very concerned about climate change, price increases in the energy sector have traditionally been opposed. In the present paper, we offer suggestions for future policies, showing that Spanish households, in general, are strongly in favour of the implementation of a green electricity program, which reduces greenhouse gas emissions, although it makes electricity more expensive for an interim period. Data from a telephone survey representative of the Spanish population which we carried out immediately prior to the Copenhagen climate summit, show that people were willing on average to pay an increase of 29.91€ per month per household over the current electric bill. Our results also show that younger individuals living in the Mediterranean area are more likely to pay for this green electricity program
Revisiting methods for estimating interregional input-output accounts: It’s not just about trade flows
(Elsevier, 2024-04-17) Sargento, Ana Lúcia Marto; Lahr, Michael L.; Ferreira, João Pedro; Torre Cuevas, Fernando de la; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Estudos e Desenvolvemento de Galicia (IDEGA)
A basic underlying assumption in most of the research to date is that intermediate industry accounts of the economies in multiregional input-output (MRIO) tables exist and are accurate. In fact, if they exist at the subnational level, such accounts are, at best, roughly estimated and predicated on far less empirical information than is available for economies of nations. Moreover, intra-economy intermediate-industry flows are typically larger than the set of a region's commodity in- and out-flows. So, if intermediate industry flows in a set of MRIO accounts are noticeably mis-estimated, it follows that interregional trade coincidentally derived using them must be even more conspicuously in error. We hypothesize as more information is used to estimate MRIO accounts, the better the estimates should be. We start our experiment by consolidating 2019 FIGARO accounts of the 27 member states of the European Union, while maintaining sectoral detail, to produce a “national account”. We then test several approaches to constructing MRIO tables. The approaches distribute interregional trade fully by receiving industry, as in FIGARO, as well as strictly in the form of a diagonalized matrix as if the commodity inflows are competitive imports. To do this, both a gravity model and RAS are applied to each approach. We then test to see how well the approaches estimate main features of FIGARO's MRIO accounts and detail a rather consistent ranking of the relative accuracy of them. We also find that the level of error inherent to the estimated MRIOs is markedly similar across approaches, particularly for multipliers. Further, relaxing interregional trade to a diagonalized matrix tends to add very little error. The approach that uses the least data is, however, markedly worse in replicating countries’ direct requirements matrices and Leontief inverses, which suggests its use in a more-limited set of applications
Subnational MRIO building: the added value of household consumption and aggregate value-added data
(Taylor & Francis, 2026-02-16) Torre Cuevas, Fernando de la; Lahr, Michael L.; Sargento, Ana Lúcia Marto; Ferreira, João Pedro; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Estudos e Desenvolvemento de Galicia (IDEGA)
Data scarcity makes subnational input-output accounts inaccurate. Builders of such accounts must resort to allocating output, value added, imports, and exports to regions using readily available industry-wise data, like shares of national jobs by industry. Meanwhile, population shares are typically used to allocate other final demand components. Lately, however, some statistical agencies have been releasing more subnational data. Surprisingly, builders of subnational input-output accounts do not appear to use them. This is probably due to uncertain trade-offs between the costs and benefits of deploying such data. We, therefore, explore the degree to which using some value-added and household consumption data can improve subnational multiregional input-output accounts. We find that integrating either household-consumption or some value-added data improves account accuracy little. Using both datasets in combination, however, does improve estimated accounts somewhat. Plus, together they portray rather accurate estimates of interregional income multipliers and consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions
Do experimental auction estimates pass the scope test?
(Elsevier, 2013-08) Loureiro García, María Luz; Gracia, Azucena; Nayga Jr., Rodolfo M.; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
Scope insensitivity is a popular anomaly in many valuation studies. Although scope insensitivity is a problem that may be present in any valuation method, most previous literature has focused on evaluating scope sensitivity within the context of contingent valuation applications. Nevertheless, it is necessary to understand the demand-revealing properties of experimental auctions since they are increasingly used to value products, such as quasi-public goods. In this paper, we test explicitly whether estimates coming from experimental auctions may pass a scope test. We conduct experimental auctions on products with a subset of attributes (part) and a comprehensive set of attributes (whole) related to animal welfare using two multi-product auction approaches: sequential and simultaneous. Results show that estimates pass the scope test when multi-product auctions are conducted simultaneously but not when they are conducted sequentially for all valued products. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Environmental accidents and stigmatized fish prices: evidence from the Prestige oil spill in Galicia
(Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 2013-01-02) Domínguez Álvarez, Rocío; Loureiro García, María Luz; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
Assessing the economic damages and their temporal dimension caused by oil spills is very important. In the present paper, we analyze the stigma effect caused in fish markets, in the North West coast of Spain (Galicia) after the Prestige oil spill. Specifically, we focus on pelagic fish species which represent a relevant market share in Galicia. The results show that printed media surrounding the accident had a statistically significant role in the evolution of fish prices. Two types of stigma were found: temporal and geographical stigma. Our results conclude that there is persistence of environmental effects after the spill
Bed capacity and surgical waiting lists: a simulation analysis
(Universidade da Coruña, 2015-12-30) Antelo Suárez, Manel; Reyes Santias, Francisco; Martínez Calvo, Adela; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica
Waiting time for elective surgery is a key problem in the current medical world. This paper aims to reproduce, by a Monte Carlo simulation model, the relationship between hospital capacity, inpatient activity, and surgery waiting list size in teaching hospitals. Inpatient activity is simulated by fitting a Normal distribution to real inpatient activity data, and the effect of the number of beds on inpatient activity is modelled with a linear regression model. Analysis is performed with data of the University Multi-Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela (Santiago de Compostela, Spain), by considering two scenarios regarding the elastiticity of demand with bed increase. If demand does not grow with an increase on bed capacity, small changes lead to drastic reductions in the waiting lists. However, if demand grows as bed capacity does, adding additional capacity merely makes waiting lists worse
Introdución. Bioeconomía, Emprendemento e Territorio
(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 2018) Corbelle Rico, Eduardo José; García Quintela, Marco Virgilio; Loureiro García, María Luz; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fundamentos da Análise Económica

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