Introducción a la Teoría de Distribuciones
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En este trabajo, realizamos una introducción rigurosa a la teoría de distribuciones de Schwartz.
Nuestro objetivo principal es definir el espacio de distribuciones. Por ser este el dual topológico de lo que se conoce como espacio de las funciones test, nuestra primera tarea es equipar dicho espacio con una topología de manera que adquiera una estructura de espacio vectorial topológico localmente convexo y completo. La forma de proceder consiste en inducir la topología en el espacio de las funciones test a través de una sucesión de subespacios de Fréchet, obteniendo, de este modo, un espacio LF. Una vez construido el espacio de las funciones test, definimos el espacio de las distribuciones y lo caracterizamos.
La segunda parte del trabajo se centra en analizar cómo las distribuciones generalizan el concepto de función y el de medida. En particular, estudiamos la forma en la que extienden ciertas nociones asociadas a las funciones como, por ejemplo, la diferenciación, la multiplicación y el soporte. Además, también vemos cómo las distribuciones sirven para formalizar determinados objetos como la delta de Dirac. Por último, hacemos un breve comentario acerca de las topologías que se pueden definir sobre el espacio de distribuciones y las nociones de convergencia asociadas.
In this paper, we give a rigorous introduction to the theory of Schwartz distributions. Our main goal is to define the space of distributions. Since this is the topological dual of what is known as the space of test functions, our first task is to equip this space with a topology so that it acquires the structure of a locally convex and complete topological vector space. The way to proceed is to induce the topology in the space of the test functions through a sequence of Fréchet subspaces, thus obtaining an LF-space. Once the space of the test functions has been constructed, we define the space of the distributions and characterize it. The second part of the paper focuses on analyzing how distributions generalize the concept of function and measure. In particular, we study the way in which they extend certain notions associated with functions, such as differentiation, multiplication and support. In addition, we also see how the distributions serve to formalize certain objects such as the Dirac delta. Finally, we make a brief comment on the topologies that can be defined on the space of distributions and the associated notions of convergence.
In this paper, we give a rigorous introduction to the theory of Schwartz distributions. Our main goal is to define the space of distributions. Since this is the topological dual of what is known as the space of test functions, our first task is to equip this space with a topology so that it acquires the structure of a locally convex and complete topological vector space. The way to proceed is to induce the topology in the space of the test functions through a sequence of Fréchet subspaces, thus obtaining an LF-space. Once the space of the test functions has been constructed, we define the space of the distributions and characterize it. The second part of the paper focuses on analyzing how distributions generalize the concept of function and measure. In particular, we study the way in which they extend certain notions associated with functions, such as differentiation, multiplication and support. In addition, we also see how the distributions serve to formalize certain objects such as the Dirac delta. Finally, we make a brief comment on the topologies that can be defined on the space of distributions and the associated notions of convergence.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2021-2022
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