Razonamientos judiciales en procesos de separación
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Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Asturias
Abstract
El ordenamiento jurídico español determina que en la guarda y custodia de los menores inmersos en un proceso de separación o divorcio de sus padres debe prevalecer el «mejor interés del menor». Para conocer si se cumple este mandato legal, tomamos 782 sentencias que tenían por objeto establecer la guarda y custodia de menores. Un análisis de contenido sistemático de las sentencias mostró que el 57,3% no estaban motivadas en criterio alguno; los criterios de motivación no siempre eran válidos; los criterios de decisión no eran consistentes intergénero del padre custodio; la custodia al padre se derivaba, en buena medida, de un criterio de exclusión de la madre; no se seguía un proceso de verificación de la decisión; el procesamiento de la información se «orientaba a la tarea» y a «la exclusión de la información» contraria a la decisión alcanzada. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la defensa del mejor interés del menor y el entrenamiento de jueces
The Spanish legal system states that the «best interest of the child should prevail» in decisions regarding child custody and guardianship in parental separation or divorce proceedings. In order to evaluate if this legal requirement is being enforced, 782 child custody cases were selected for study. Systematic content analysis of court decisions revealed that most, 57.3%, were not motivated on any grounds; the reasoning criteria were not valid; criteria were not consistent for intergender parental custody decision-making; the father’s custody was mainly based on criteria of exclusion of the mother; no follow-up of judicial decisions was undertaken to ensure compliance; information processing was task driven and involved information processing strategies «based on the exclusion of information» that was contrary to the final decision. Finally, the implications are discussed in the light of recommendations for safeguarding the best interest of the child, and for judges training
The Spanish legal system states that the «best interest of the child should prevail» in decisions regarding child custody and guardianship in parental separation or divorce proceedings. In order to evaluate if this legal requirement is being enforced, 782 child custody cases were selected for study. Systematic content analysis of court decisions revealed that most, 57.3%, were not motivated on any grounds; the reasoning criteria were not valid; criteria were not consistent for intergender parental custody decision-making; the father’s custody was mainly based on criteria of exclusion of the mother; no follow-up of judicial decisions was undertaken to ensure compliance; information processing was task driven and involved information processing strategies «based on the exclusion of information» that was contrary to the final decision. Finally, the implications are discussed in the light of recommendations for safeguarding the best interest of the child, and for judges training
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Arce, R., Fariña, F., & Seijo, D. (2005). Razonamientos judiciales en procesos de separación. Psicothema, 17(1), 57-63
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http://www.psicothema.com/english/psicothema.asp?id=3064Sponsors
Esta investigación fue financiada por la Secretaría Xeral de Investigación
e Desenvolvemento, Xunta de Galicia, en el proyecto
de Excelencia Investigadora Código PGIDIT03CS037401PR
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© 2005 Psicothema







