Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía

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Cognitive control modulates the expression of implicit sequence learning: Congruency sequence and oddball-dependent sequence effects.
(American Psychological Association, 2022-08-01) Prutean, Nicoleta; Wenk, Taavi; Leiva, Alicia; Vaquero, Joaquín M. M.; Lupiáñez, Juan; Jiménez García, Luis; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Facultade de Psicoloxía
Implicit sequence learning represents an established paradigm to investigate incidental skill acquisition in a laboratory environment. During a covert task, participants respond to the location of a target appearing over a series of locations according to a complex sequence, which gets violated in a reduced set of control trials. Even though participants are not fully aware of the sequence, they respond faster and more accurately to trials following it, thus expressing sequence knowledge. Recent evidence has challenged the view that such knowledge is applied rigidly and affects performance independently from control influences. Jiménez et al. (2009) highlighted that its expression gets reduced immediately after trials not conforming with the learned sequence—an effect that resembles the congruency sequence effect (CSE) commonly observed in interference tasks. However, such effects can also be alternatively explained in associative terms. In this experimental series we took advantage of the well-known attentional properties of oddball sounds and introduced them as an orthogonal variable with respect to the learning process. We found that oddball sounds also hindered the automatic expression of sequence learning, highlighting an oddball-dependent sequence effect similar to the CSE, but most clearly triggered by cognitive control. Moreover, as illustrated through a simulation with a simple recurrent network (SRN), we showed that the CSE reported in this article under noisier conditions is harder to expect from associative processes.
Gaze Elicits Social and Nonsocial Attentional Orienting: An Interplay of Shared and Unique Conflict Processing Mechanisms
(American Psychological Association, 2022-08-01) Hemmerich, Klara; Narganes-Pineda, Cristina; Marotta, Andrea; Martín Arévalo, Elisa; Jiménez García, Luis; Lupiáñez, Juan; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Facultade de Psicoloxía
Subtle to no attentional differences have been broadly observed when using gaze and arrows as orienting cues. However, recent studies have found opposite effects when they are used as targets in spatial interference tasks, with arrows eliciting faster responses when their position is congruent with the indicated direction and gaze producing faster responses in incongruent conditions. In two preregistered experiments aimed at exploring the mechanisms supporting these findings, we examined whether the congruency sequence effects (CSE) elicited by gaze and arrows generalized from one stimulus to another, using an intrablock design where the type of stimuli was manipulated on a trial-by-trial basis. Typical CSE were observed for arrows, with a decrease of congruency effects after incongruent trials, and reversed CSE for gaze, with an increased inversion of congruency effects after incongruent trials. Both patterns occurred independently of the preceding type of target, showing that congruency effects can decrease after positive outcomes (e.g., arrow trials following an incongruent gaze trial), and generalized across different nonsocial and social stimuli as shown in a third experiment. These results are consistent with the coexistence of a shared spatial interference component between gaze and arrow trials, potentially responsible for the CSE obtained in switching target trials, and an additional social dimension, exclusively engaged in gaze trials.
It is harder than you think: On the boundary conditions of exploiting congruency cues
(American Psychological Association, 2021-10-01) Jiménez García, Luis; Méndez Paz, Cástor; Abrahamse, Elger; Braem, Senne; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Facultade de Psicoloxía
Humans are able to anticipate abstract task demands and prepare attentional sets accordingly. A popular method to study this ability is to include explicit cues that signal the required level of cognitive control in conflict tasks (e.g., whether or not word meaning will correspond to the task-relevant font color in a Stroop task). Here, we demonstrate that this ability is more limited than assumed by most theories. Starting from a recent finding that implicit cues on the previous trial do not aid task performance, we demonstrate that these cues remain inefficient even when participants are explicitly instructed about their meaning, when the cue-stimulus interval is prolonged, or when the cues are deterministic and blocked (Experiments 1–4). In fact, the cues sometimes even impaired performance. Extending cue-information into the intertrial interval did not help (Experiment 5), and even though we replicated previous cueing effects using explicit cues in between trials in the vocal Stroop task (Experiment 7), this effect disappeared when using manual responses or presenting the cue in the preceding trial (Experiments 6, 8, and 9), and only benefited congruent responses when the intertrial interval was reduced (Experiment 10). Together, these findings point to important boundary conditions in cued control: The ability to prepare for control demands on a trial-by-trial basis is restricted to situations in which cues are presented alone, and where the task involves a nonarbitrary stimulus–response mapping. We discuss these findings in light of recent theories that emphasize the role of event boundaries and the value of cognitive control.
Percibir más desigualdad, cuando se es menos clasista, incrementa el apoyo a políticas redistributivas
(Universdad Católica de Colombia, 2025-12-01) Velandia Morales, Andrea; Cabrera, Carlos Estaban; Gómez Salazar, Sofía; López López, Wilson; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía
La desigualdad económica constituye un problema a nivel mundial al que se le puede hacer frente mediante políticas de redistribución de recursos. Sin embargo, el apoyo a estas políticas no es unánime y está condicionado, entre otros factores, por la desigualdad percibida, la clase social y el estatus socioeconómico. Los estudios realizados al respecto se concentran en algunos países, pero es necesario ampliar la mirada y estudiar este fenómeno en otras regiones del mundo, por ejemplo, en Latinoamérica. Por ello, el presente estudio se busca ampliar la perspectiva geográfica e incorporar otra variable que puede tener incidencia en el apoyo a la redistribución; a saber, el rol del clasismo, y si este interactúa con la desigualdad percibida y con el apoyo de políticas redistributivas en el contexto colombiano. Específicamente, se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, en el que se aplicó una encuesta a 698 personas residentes en Colombia para medir la desigualdad percibida, el estatus socioeconómico, el clasismo y el apoyo a la redistribución. Para el análisis de datos se realizaron correlaciones y regresión lineal, con lo cual se encontró que una mayor percepción de desigualdad en la distribución de los recursos y un menor clasismo se asocian con un incremento en el apoyo a políticas redistributivas, y que el clasismo y el estatus socioeconómico subjetivo actúan como moderadores en la relación entre la percepción de desigualdad en la distribución de recursos y el apoyo a la redistribución. Los resultados sugieren la importancia de considerar el clasismo y el estatus socioeconómico en el diseño de políticas públicas enfocadas en la redistribución.
Differentiated politicization of discourses on Twitter in response to COVID-19: a comparison of local governments in Colombia
(Historia de los Sistemas Informativos, 2024-05-21) Barreto Galeano, María Idaly; Rico Revelo, Diana; Velandia Morales, Andrea; Aguilar Pardo, David; Garzón Velandia, Camila; Carvajal Builes, Juan Camilo; Carrillo Ramirez, Alexis; Sabucedo Cameselle, José Manuel; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía
Introduction: When facing objective threatening situations such as the global pandemic caused by COVID-19, the messages of political leaders acquire a fundamental role in sustaining the social order and in the implementation of measures created to face the crisis. For this purpose, they construct differentiated discourses with emotional and ideological referents that legitimize government administration and configure a politicized collective identity. Therefore, this research analyzed the language used on Twitter (now X) of 18 mayors of the main cities of Colombia during the pandemic, with the objective of identifying frames of meaning of the threatening reality according to their political orientation (left-right). Methodology: Through a longitudinal non-experimental study, accounts were monitored for three weeks before and three weeks after the first officially registered case of COVID-19 in the country. Results: Right-wing mayors diffused mainly negative emotions to legitimize obedience; while left-wing mayors combined positive and negative emotions (anxiety and anger) to promote coping. Discussion: The findings reflect differentiated processes of collective identity that are politicized in the socio-political context of the health crisis. Conclusions: Further research on the instrumentalization of cognitive and emotional frames in the political context is recommended, given that they allow us to reveal communication strategies that influence public opinion as a frame of reference to overcome threatening situations at a global level. Also, the use of advanced data mining for the study of beliefs and emotions in real time that is communicated in digital media.
Lujo y desigualdad: cómo las preferencias por el consumo de lujo dan forma a las creencias que legitiman la desigualdad económica
(Konrad Lorenz Editores, 2025-11-15) Velandia Morales, Andrea; Barreto Galeano, María Idaly; Rodríguez Bailón, Rosa; Martínez Regueiro, Rocío; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía
Introducción: la percepción de la desigualdad económica es la interpretación hecha de los indicadores objetivos sobre dicha desigualdad, y puede estar determinada por las experiencias vividas en la vida cotidiana. Una de las dimensiones que más se utilizan para describir la brecha entre quienes tienen más y menos recursos es el consumo de bienes, porque puede ser un indicador de los recursos y el estatus que se posee. La presente investigación pretende analizar, por medio del discurso, si de manera específica el consumo de lujo se utiliza como variable clave para describir la percepción de la desigualdad en la vida cotidiana. Además, explora la presencia de perfiles discursivos diferentes en función de la desigualdad percibida y las preferencias por el consumo de lujo. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo multidimensional con técnicas de “análisis estadístico de datos textuales” (AEDT), utilizando una muestra de 290 jóvenes universitarios. Resultados: se encontró que la desi-gualdad económica se percibe a través de las diferencias observadas en el consumo de lujo. Se identificaron cuatro perfiles discursivos en función del nivel de desigualdad percibido y las preferencias por el consumo conspicuo y estatutario, que mostraron la emergencia de creencias relacionadas con la legitimación de la desigualdad. Se caracterizaron por (a) mostrar creencias relacionadas con los privilegios adquiridos por tener más recursos; (b) destacar las diferencias en el acceso a mejores posibilidades y oportunidades; (c) enfatizar en la calidad de vida y la tranquilidad que se tiene para cubrir las necesidades básicas según lo que se posee, y (d) el logro de estatus, prestigio y reconocimiento social, derivado de los recursos económicos. Conclusiones: el consumo de lujo es una categoría clave en la descripción de la desigualdad que se percibe y la preferencia por este puede conllevar creencias que justifican un sistema económico que favorece la acumulación de capital y la desigualdad.
Adapting Psychosocial Scales to Measure Career Exit Factors in Colombian Women Engineers
(Academic Conferences International Limited, 2025) Camo Morales, Martha Lucia; Velandia Morales, Andrea; Major, Justin; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía; Azevedo, Ana Isabel; Azevedo, Josè Manuel; Mesquita, Anabela
Despite ongoing efforts to promote gender equality, women remain underrepresented in STEM fields such as engineering. This underrepresentation is evident not only in early career choices but also among professional women engineers who face significant barriers in their work environments, leading to higher rates of leaving the profession. While this issue has been extensively studied in various regions worldwide, there is a notable gap in research on the experiences and career exit intentions of women engineers in Latin America. Furthermore, a lack of Spanish-language scales with strong validity evidence measuring key psychosocial factors associated with the decision to leave engineering hinders progress in understanding and addressing these challenges. Purpose: This study aimed to develop and implement a robust protocol for adapting and translating five scales that measure engineering identity, career commitment, career satisfaction, observed hostility toward women in the workplace, and the likelihood of leaving the engineering profession. The research sought to answer the question: How do respondents perceive these adapted scales' clarity, relevance, and representation in capturing the intended constructs? Methods: The protocol was guided by recommendations of the International Test Commission and the American Educational Research Association. A forward translation design was selected, focusing on achieving functional equivalence between cultures. The protocol involved multiple stages, including expert translation, cultural adaptation, and reconciliation processes. Additionally, an expert panel reviewed the scales, and a qualitative phase using cognitive interviews with a sample of Colombian women engineers provided further validity evidence and refinement. Results: The study contributes both theoretically and practically. From a theoretical standpoint, it presents a comprehensive, evidence-based protocol for scale adaptation, offering a model that can be replicated in other contexts. Practically, the adapted scales provide essential tools for researchers and practitioners working with Spanish-speaking populations, addressing a significant gap in the literature. By enabling more inclusive and accurate research on women engineers’ experiences in Latin America, these tools can inform policies and interventions aimed at reducing career exits and promoting gender equity in engineering.
Affective CT-touch attenuates cortical responses and subjective attention during temporal summation of second pain
(Wiley, 2026-03-16) Da Silva, Márcia; Ribeiro Carreira, M.; Oliveira, Mariana; Sampaio, Adriana; Coutinho, Joana; González Villar, Alberto Jacobo; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Psicoloxía (IPsiUS)
The activation of C-tactile (CT) mechanoreceptors is typically experienced as pleasant touch and has been proposed to have analgesic effects. However, its influence on central sensitization across social and non-social contexts remains unclear. We investigated whether CT-touch in social (romantic partner) and non-social (robotic arm) contexts influences the development of temporal summation of second pain (TSSP), a paradigm associated with central sensitization. Thirty-two couples completed a TSSP protocol across four conditions in two sessions: dyadic session (TSSP during CT-optimal stroking or static touch by the participant's romantic partner) and individual session (TSSP during robotic CT-touch or vibration). Outcomes included subjective pain ratings, attention to heat stimuli, pleasantness, electroencephalographic activity (N2-P2 event-related potentials and midfrontal theta activity), autonomic responses and sex-related effects. No condition differences were found in the reported pain increase. Attention to painful heat was lower during partner's stroking and higher during vibration, the least pleasant stimulus. At the neural level, the smallest N2-P2 amplitudes occurred during partner's stroking, followed by static touch, robot brushing and vibration. Reduced midfrontal theta activity was observed in dyadic compared to individual contexts. No differences emerged in autonomic indices or sex comparisons. Using a large sample and naturalistic stimuli, we found that affective CT-touch does not affect pain levels or autonomic activity during TSSP, yet it decreases attentional focus on the nociceptive input and associated neural responses. These findings underscore social-affective touch as a naturalistic mechanism for modulating pain salience, raising new questions about how it shapes neural dynamics of pain regulation. KEY POINTS: Affective C-tactile (CT) touch has no effect on temporal summation of second pain. Social context matters: partner-administered CT-touch reduced attention to nociceptive heat and attenuated N2-P2 event-related potentials compared with robotic or vibration stimuli. Midfrontal theta activity was lower in dyadic (social) vs. individual (non-social) contexts, suggesting neural markers of pain salience are context-dependent. Findings highlight social-affective touch as a naturalistic mechanism for modulating the salience of painful stimuli, offering insights into pain regulation and the neural dynamics of central sensitization.
More than personality: How emotional intelligence moderates the association of personality traits and adolescents' pro-environmental behaviour
(Elsevier, 2026-07) Lisboa, Paulo Vítor; Gómez Román, Cristina; Vila Tojo, Sergio; Carrus, Giuseppe; Monteiro, Ana Paula; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Ambientais (CRETUS)
Personality traits have been associated with adolescents' pro-environmental behaviour, but findings remain inconsistent. This variability suggests that the strength to which personality traits are associated to pro-environmental behaviour may be influenced by other psychological variables. This study explored whether emotional intelligence played a moderator role in the relationship between personality traits and pro-environmental behaviour in a sample of 1855 Portuguese adolescents (Mage = 14.52 years, SDage = 1.76 years, 49,2% female). Results showed that all personality traits, except neuroticism, were significantly positively associated with pro-environmental behaviour. Furthermore, emotional intelligence, defined as an individual's ability to perceive, understand, and manage emotions both in themselves and others, moderated the relationship between extraversion and agreeableness and pro-environmental behaviour, such that higher emotional intelligence strengthened the positive association between these traits and adolescents' pro-environmental behaviour. These findings underscore the role of personality in shaping adolescents' pro-environmental tendencies and suggest that emotional intelligence may act as a useful psychological resource to enhance pro-environmental behaviour, particularly among more extraverted and agreeable youth.
Escuelas e inmigración en España. ¿Es inevitable la segregación?
(Octaedro, 2026) Santos Rego, Miguel Ángel; Crespo Comesaña, Julia; Lorenzo Moledo, María del Mar; Godás Otero, Agustín; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Pedagoxía e Didáctica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía; Santos Rego, Miguel Ángel; Lorenzo Moledo, María del Mar
Principales determinantes de la implicación y participación de las familias inmigrantes en la escuela
(Octaedro, 2026) Lorenzo Moledo, María del Mar; Godás Otero, Agustín; Santos Rego, Miguel Ángel; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Pedagoxía e Didáctica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía; Santos Rego, Miguel Ángel; Lorenzo Moledo, María del Mar
The Galician MultiPic: a picture dataset that captures lexical variation
(Frontiers Media, 2025-03-26) Álvarez de la Granja, María; Parafita Couto, María del Carmen; Sá-Leite, Ana Rita; Fraga Carou, Isabel; Duñabeitia, Jon Andoni; Pliatsikas, Christos; Comesaña, Montserrat; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto da Lingua Galega (ILG); Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Filoloxía Galega; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Psicoloxía (IPsiUS); Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía
Comparison between an empirically derived and a standard classification of amnestic mild cognitive impairment from a sample of adults with subjective cognitive complaints
(Sage Journals, 2016-01-10) Campos Magdaleno, María; Facal Mayo, David; Juncos Rabadán, Onésimo; Picón Prado, Eduardo; Pereiro Rozas, Arturo X.; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Evolutiva e da Educación; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Psicoloxía (IPsiUS)
Objective: The aim of this study is to compare an empirically derived classification of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from a sample of adults with subjective cognitive complaints by using cluster analysis of their performance on the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) with a classification of aMCI based on standard clinical criteria. Method: Three hundred ninety-one individuals aged 48 years and older were diagnosed as aMCI or healthy controls. Cluster analysis of the CVLT performance was conducted, followed by logistic regression analysis. Results: A two-cluster solution performed on the CVLT measures correctly classified 98.0% of the aMCI patients and 73.4% of the healthy controls diagnosed by using standard aMCI criteria. Discussion: The empirically derived classification of aMCI is consistent with the classification based on standard criteria; however, standard criteria should also be considered to prevent false positives
Apathy and agitation in institutionalized older adults: an empirically derived classification
(Wiley, 2021-05) Mouriz Corbelle, Romina; Caamaño Ponte, José; Dosil Díaz, Carlos; Picón Prado, Eduardo; Facal Mayo, David; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Evolutiva e da Educación; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Psicoloxía (IPsiUS)
Background: Apathy and agitation are often recognized as the most problematic behavioural and psychological symptoms in care settings. In this study, we analyze the relationship between apathy and agitation symptoms other and their relationship with demographic, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric variables and psychotropic medication use. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at a gerontological care centre in Láncara, Spain. Participants were 196 residents of the gerontological care centre, including 143 with a diagnosis of dementia. Apathy and agitation were assessed with the Apathy Scale for Institutionalized Patients with Dementia, Nursing Home version, and the Spanish version of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, respectively. Two-stage hierarchical cluster analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis in a first exploratory stage and K-means clustering to obtain the final solution in the second stage) was conducted to assign residents to different groups based on apathy and agitation scores. Results: In cluster 1, a certain level of apathy, the highest levels of agitation, and the most frequent intake of atypical antipsychotics and clomethiazole were observed. The highest levels of apathy and the most frequent intake of memantine were seen in cluster 2. The lowest levels of agitation and apathy and the highest levels of cognitive performance were found in cluster 3. Conclusions: In this study, subjects with dementia were in a state of high agitation and eventual apathy, had low cognitive status, and were very old. Patients with this profile require well-designed non-pharmacological interventions
Using the working with older adults scale with Spanish undergraduate students
(Taylor & Francis, 2025-08-17) Feijóo Quintas, Susana; Picón Prado, Eduardo; Lojo Seoane, Cristina; Graham, Kristen L.; Facal Mayo, David; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Evolutiva e da Educación; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Psicoloxía (IPsiUS)
The growing population of older adults worldwide has raised concerns about the recruitment and retention of the workforce in age-related care. Based on this concern, the present work studies the intention to work with older adults in a Spanish sample of undergraduate students. An online questionnaire was administered to undergraduate students from different disciplines. A language adapted version of the Working with Older Adults Scale (WOAS) and the Big-Five Inventory 10-Item version were applied. Basic psychometrics were computed, together with EFA, CFA and multivariate statistics in order to know more about the relevance and relationships between the four WOAS subscales and their association with BFI personality domains. Moderate to strong relationships were found between WOAS subscales, in addition to significant correlations between the perceived behavioral control subscale and some personality traits. Nevertheless, only subjective norm and attitudes subscales contributed significantly to the intention to work with older adults. The current results replicate in Spanish students the previous findings about the role of perceived social approval on the intention to work with older adults. More research is needed on the role of intrapersonal factors
Differential associations between distinct components of cognitive and physical function in middle-aged and older adults
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2025-12-27) Facal Mayo, David; Picón Prado, Eduardo; Blumen, Helena M.; Lojo Seoane, Cristina; Nieto Vieites, Ana; Stern, Yaakov; Pereiro Rozas, Arturo X.; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Evolutiva e da Educación; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Psicoloxía (IPsiUS)
Background: Cognitive and physical functions share certain age-related patterns of change, including slowed processing speed and movement. Both functions are multifaceted, and the association between them can be affected by the type of measurement considered. This study examined one-to-one relationships between cognitive and physical functions, using data from the Compostela Aging Study. Methods: A total of 267 middle-aged and older individuals without cognitive impairment were included in the study (mean age 65.57, 75.7% women). The relationship between cognitive and physical performance was examined using Spearman’s rho, adjusted for age and sex. Results: Standing up, sitting down and total times in the Timed-Up and Go test were significantly correlated with performance on the Trail-Making and phonological fluency tests. Turning time in the Timed-Up and Go test and self-reported physical activity were correlated with performance on the Spanish version of the California Verbal Learning Test. Grip strength was correlated with performance on the Counting Span task. Conclusions: This study adds evidence to the one-to-one relationship between cognitive and physical function in a subclinical cohort of middle-aged and older adults
Identification and characterization of adolescent internet user’s profiles
(Cambridge University Press, 2015-07-14) Rial Boubeta, Antonio; Gómez Salgado, Patricia; Picón Prado, Eduardo; Braña Tobío, Teresa; Varela Mallou, Jesús; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía
The percentages of adolescent Internet use in general terms have been measured for nearly two decades now; however, it might be thought that not every teenager behaves online in the same way. This study aims to identify the different types or profiles of adolescents and to characterize them from an attitudinal, behavioral and socio-demographic viewpoint. A questionnaire was applied to a representative sample of 2,339 Compulsory Secondary School students (M = 13.77 years old) from Galicia (a North-Western region of Spain) for this purpose. A two-stage cluster analysis, based on the response pattern in relation to their attitudes toward Internet, was carried out. Four different segments with specific characteristics were identified: the first steppers, the trainees, the sensible users, and the heavy users. Besides the relevance of descriptive data, these results are of particular interest at an applied level, because they could lead to a better fit of programs to prevent risky behaviors and problematic Internet use in adolescents.
Evaluación del impacto del efecto relativo de la edad en el rendimiento escolar, bullying, autoestima, diagnóstico de TDAH y consumo de tabaco en el paso de educación primaria a secundaria
(Associação Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico e Avaliação Psicológica (AIDEP-AIDAP), 2017-08-02) Folgar, Manuel I.; Felpeto, Marta; Rodríguez, Lorena; Rial Boubeta, Antonio; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía
El Efecto Relativo de la Edad (RAE) se refiere a la variabilidad en el potencial cognitivo y biológico, que aparece entre individuos agrupados por su edad cronológica y que provoca desigualdades en su rendimiento. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar si la distribución de los nacimientos en el año, afectan al rendimiento escolar, a la autoestima, al acoso escolar “bullying”, a ser diagnosticado con TDAH y al consumo de tabaco en el paso de primaria a secundaria, variables examinadas con instrumentos específicos. La muestra compuesta por 1547 estudiantes de 6º curso de primaria y 1º de ESO correspondientes a 26 centros escolares de Galicia, con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 15 años (media=11.93; DT=.87). Los 775 hombres y 772 mujeres fueron divididos en cuatro cuartiles de nacimiento: a) Primer cuartil (Enero-Marzo); b) Segundo cuartil (Abril-Junio); c) Tercer cuartil (Julio-Septiembre) y d) Cuarto cuartil (Octubre-Diciembre). Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en la probabilidad de consumir tabaco y en ser diagnosticado con TDAH.
The polymorphism Val158Met in the COMT gene: disrupted dopamine system in fibromyalgia patients?
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2024-12) Gerra, María Carla; Dallabona, Cristina; Manfredini, Matteo; Giordano, Rocco; Capriotti, Camilla; González Villar, Alberto Jacobo; Triñanes Pego, Yolanda; Arendt Nielsen, Lars; Carrillo de la Peña, María Teresa; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Psicoloxía (IPsiUS)
The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4680 in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) is a missense variant (Val158Met) associated with altered activity of the COMT enzyme and suggested as a predictive feature for developing some chronic pain conditions. However, there are controversial results on its role in fibromyalgia (FM). Here, the SNP Val158Met was analyzed in 294 FM patients (without comorbidities) and 209 healthy controls (without chronic pain). The concurrent impact of Val158Met genotypes and FM comorbid disorders (depression and sleep impairment) on FM risk were tested. In addition, the genotypic distribution of FM patients in relation to pain intensity was evaluated. The G allele (Val) resulted in being more represented in the FM group (57.8%) compared with the control group (48.8%; P = 0.037). Logistic regression highlighted that having the G/G (Val/Val) homozygous genotype was associated with 2 times higher risk of having FM compared with the A/A (Met/Met) carriers (P = 0.038), whereas depression and sleep impairment increased FM risk by 12 and 8 times, respectively (P < 0.001). However, considering only the FM patient group, the A/A homozygous genotype was significantly associated with severe pain intensity (P = 0.007). This study highlighted associations between the SNP Val158Met and both FM and pain intensity, suggesting a link between dopaminergic dysfunction and vulnerability to chronic pain. Further studies should explore this SNP in FM patients in conjunction with COMT enzymatic activity and other symptoms connected with the dopaminergic system such as depression or sleep impairment
The Covid-19 pandemic’s impact on environmental attitudes
(Instituto de Estudos e Investigación Psicosocial Xoan Vicente Viqueira, 2023) Gómez Román, Cristina; Dono Martín, Marcos; Vila Tojo, Sergio; Sabucedo Cameselle, José Manuel; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Social, Básica e Metodoloxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Ambientais (CRETUS); García Mira, Ricardo; Schweizer-Ries, Petra; García-Fontán, Cristina
Although COVID-19 has illustrated the human impact on the environment, it is also true that immediate needs (such as the ones provoked by the economic crisis that paralleled the COVID-19 health crisis) may endanger the importance people gives to sustainability. Generally, attitudes towards the environment are high, and several studies have proven that people are concerned about climate change and seem willing to take steps to stop it. Nevertheless, it is also true that the frame or the accessible information at different moments can affect the attitudes towards several issues. This paper examines the following question: has the pandemic provided an opportunity to strengthen pro-environmental attitudes or will it put environmentalism at risk? We designed an experimental study to explore whether thinking about the COVID-19 pandemic affects people’s environmental attitudes. A total of 411 people participated in our research (60% women; mean age of 42.03; SD = 14.06). The experimental design was a 2 (priming the pandemic vs. non-priming the pandemic) × 2 (valence of the priming: positive consequences vs. negative consequences). After asking participants to answer the open question mentioned above and elaborate on their responses, they answered several questions about their environmental attitudes, including towards climate change and the public policies to mitigate it. Our results show that there were no differences in the priming factor (priming vs. non-priming the pandemic). However, the valence of the prime (positive or negative) had an effect on attitudes towards public policies to mitigate climate change. The results also show an interaction effect between the two conditions for the attitudes towards climate change. Those who expressed positive consequences in the non-priming pandemic condition scored higher in attitudes towards climate change than those who expressed negative consequences. However, this valence effect did not occur when participants expressed their thoughts about the pandemic. These results show that the information that is given to people before asking them about their environmental attitudes may influence the attitudes they express towards environmentalism. Contrary to what was expected, negative thoughts about the pandemic (e.g., about its economic or health negative impacts) had no effect on climate change attitudes. However, the valence (positive or negative) of the priming exerts an effect that needs to be considered when designing campaigns to implement climate change public policies.

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