Pheromones and behaviour of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): A review

Abstract

Pheromones are defined as substances released by an individual that have a specific influence on physiology, behaviour or development with another individual of the same species. Currently, the term pheromone is used in various disciplines, from psychology to electrophysiology, or to describe various chemosensory stimuli. The present literature review describes the main pheromone receptors and sources in rabbits, including the vomeronasal organ and the olfactory bulb; the main pheromone-producing glands are also described, such as the chin, anal, Harderian, mammary and the brown inguinal, as well as the urine as the major source for pheromonal communication. This review also provides a comprehensive examination of the role of pheromones in rabbit behaviour, integrating perspectives from physiology, behaviour and practical applications in rabbit farming. It delves into the mechanisms of pheromone action by discussing the main receptors and production sites, categorising pheromones in an orderly manner according to their functional roles in rabbits. Additionally, the review synthesises current research on pheromone influence, while highlighting both ecological implications and welfare improvements. By addressing these topics with scientific depth and practical relevance, this work offers an insightful understanding of rabbit pheromones and their diverse roles.