Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10347/34297

O Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER) é un instituto universitario de investigación científico-técnica situado na cidade de Lugo (Galicia). Os investigadores do IBADER centran a súa actividade no Medio Rural, desde unha perspectiva holística e sustentable, a través de dúas grandes liñas interrelacionadas: Ambiental (Biodiversidade, Planificación e Ordenación do Territorio, Desenvolvemento Rural, Economía Sustentable, Sistemas de Información Xeográfica, Observación Remota) e Agrosistemas (Alimentos, Recursos Agrícolas, Gandeiros e Forestais, Solos, Auga, Residuos).

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Current Distribution of the Invasive Kelp Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar, 1873 Along Artificial and Natural Habitats in North Portugal—Impacts and Mitigation Initiatives
(MDPI, 2025-02-21) Rubal, Marcos; Fernández Gutiérrez, Jesús; Carreira Flores, Diego; Gomes, Pedro T.; Veiga Sánchez, María Purificación; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER)
The kelp Undaria pinnatifida is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. The presence of Undaria in Portugal was reported more than 20 years ago, but there is not recent detailed information about its distribution and impacts. The aims of this study are to provide updated data about the distribution of Undaria in marinas and natural habitats along the north Portuguese coast, to afford insights about Undaria impacts on native macroalgae and to test the efficiency of mitigation actions based on Undaria removal. Mitigation measures were implemented in a marina where a native kelp was recently displaced by Undaria. The results showed stable populations of Undaria in marinas, but few ephemeral ones on natural rocky shores. The observed distribution pattern suggests an important role of salinity and wave exposure in shaping the distribution of Undaria. Moreover, Undaria was able to displace a native kelp and overgrow mussels in marinas, while on natural rocky shores, it was able to overgrow Gongolaria baccata but not native kelps. Finally, mitigation actions resulted in a partial recolonization by the native kelp.
XXIV International Symposium of Cryptogamic Botany: Book of Abstracts
(IBADER (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Lugo), 2025) Rivas Ferreiro, Mauro; Albizúa, Tixiana; Fernández Costas, Daniel; García González, Ignacio; Melón Raña, Adrián; Paz Bermúdez, Graciela; Peña Freire, Viviana; Pimentel Pereira, Manuel; Villa Laschütza, Susana; Sahuquillo Balbuena, Elvira; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER)
Welcome to the 24th edition of the International Symposium of Cryptogamic Botany, which will be held in the city of Pontevedra (Galicia, Spain) from July 7th to 10th, 2025. The topic of this edition is Cryptogamic Diversity: Preserving the Past, Innovating the Future. With this topic we aimed to highlight the addition of two new thematic categories to this Symposium: Biotechnological Applications and Ethnocryptogamy. The purpose of this Symposium has always been to provide students, managers, educators, and researchers with the opportunity to share their research and development findings in the five fields of cryptogamy: bryology, pteridology, phycology, lichenology, and mycology. It is also important to highlight the significance of this Symposium in fostering new networks and collaborations, as demonstrated in previous editions, and which we are confident will continue to be established during this new meeting.
Genetic Diversity of Local Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Traceability in the Production of Galician Bread (Protected Geographical Indication) by Microsatellites
(MDPI, 2024) Urquijo-Zamora, Luis; Pereira Lorenzo, Santiago; Romero Rodríguez, María de los Ángeles; Lombardero Fernández, Matilde; Ramos Cabrer, Ana María; Fernández-Otero, Cristina Isabel; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Produción Vexetal e Proxectos de Enxeñaría; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición e Bromatoloxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Anatomía, Produción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER)
Galician wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) serves as the foundational component of Galician bread, a traditional Spanish product granted the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI, EU quality scheme), which is primarily conserved at the Agricultural Research Center of Mabegondo (CIAM), Xunta de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain. This study evaluated 20 ecotypes and cultivars, in comparison to 4 Galician wheats and 14 commercial wheat varieties used as references. Seventeen simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were evaluated to elucidate their genetic structure, determine their origins, and differentiate them from commercial cultivars for traceability purposes. In total, 296 wheat plants were analyzed, revealing 156 unique genotypes, 13 of which were from commercial cultivars and 143 of which were from local cultivars and ecotypes. The SSR loci revealed 221 microsatellite alleles, with an average of 11 alleles per locus. Of these, 151 alleles were found in local cultivars and ecotypes, and 134 were present in commercial cultivars, with 65 and 50 alleles exclusive to each group, respectively. A Structure software analysis demonstrated substantial genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.26) between two primary clusters, RPP1 (comprising commercial cultivars, and two ecotypes, 41 and 43) and RPP2 (consisting of local cultivars, elite lines, and ecotypes). Moreover, neighbor-joining tree analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the high differentiation between these clusters, highlighting the singularity of Galician wheat, which is useful for the traceability of Galician bread. Furthermore, the SSRs were effective in tracking the use of Galician wheat, which displayed specific Galician alleles, in flour, sourdough, and bread samples, corroborating previous findings even when a greater number of Galician ecotypes were included.
First evidence of Lawsonia intracellularis detection in air from commercial swine farms
(Elsevier, 2025-12-04) López-Lorenzo, Gonzalo; Carvajal, Ana María; Benito, Alfredo Ángel; Prieto Lago, Alberto; Melero, M.; Fernández Rodríguez, Gonzalo; Díaz Cao, José Manuel; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Patoloxía Animal; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER)
Lawsonia intracellularis is the etiological agent of porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE), a major enteric disease present in most swine herds worldwide. PPE expression is influenced by several factors, making continuous surveillance essential to minimize its impact. This study evaluated the feasibility and diagnostic performance of environmental sampling for the detection of L. intracellularis in commercial swine farms with subclinical and PPE infections. Three farms (A–C) were included: Farms A and B exhibited subclinical infection, while Farm C was affected by a PPE outbreak. Longitudinal sampling included serum, fecal swabs, air and surface samples from 10 to 11 to 17–18 weeks of age. Serology and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to monitor infection and quantify L. intracellularis loads. L. intracellularis infection was confirmed in all three farms using standard diagnostic methods. DNA of L. intracellularis was consistently detected in air and surface samples, with distinct temporal patterns across farms. In subclinical infected herds, early low-level detection in air and surface samples preceded widespread shedding, which was subsequently reflected in increased seroprevalence. In the PPE affected farm, high seropositivity and fecal shedding were observed during the outbreak, followed by a gradual decline. These dynamics were also mirrored by the quantity of L. intracellularis DNA detected both in air and surfaces over time. These findings demonstrate that environmental monitoring via air and surface sampling is might be a possible tool in the future to predict infection dynamic under both subclinical and clinical PPE conditions, providing a complementary method for the early detection and surveillance of L. intracellularis
Beyond stabilization: prevalence, risk factors and molecular identification of rumen flukes in cattle from Northwestern Spain
(BioMed Central, 2025-10-02) García-Dios, David; Díaz Fernández, Pablo; Remesar Alonso, Susana; Fernández González, Carlota; Martínez Calabuig, Néstor; Saldaña Ruiz, Ana; Panadero Fontán, Rosario; Morrondo Pelayo, María Patrocinio; López Sández, Ceferino Manuel; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Patoloxía Animal; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER)
Background An upward trend of paramphistomid prevalence was detected in domestic ruminants from Europe in the last decades. Nevertheless, recent data from Ireland, which reports the highest prevalences in Europe, suggests that this trend may be stabilizing. This study analysed the current epidemiological situation of rumen fluke infections in cattle from northwestern Spain, focusing on two regions: Galicia, where increasing prevalences were reported, and Asturias, where data is limited. Between 2018 and 2022, 3,095 faecal samples from 137 farms were analysed using sedimentation coproscopical technique. Risk factor analysis was conducted through mixed logistic regression and ANOVA; paramphistomid species were molecularly identified. Results High individual (51.2%; 95% CI: 49.4–53.0) and herd (81.8%; 95% CI: 74.1–87.6) prevalences were found, representing the highest recorded prevalence of paramphistomid infections in cattle from Spain. The risk of being infected significantly increased with age, being lower in cattle aged 1–24 months than in those 25–60 months-old (OR 5.8) or older than 60 months (OR 17.1). Prevalence was significantly higher in Asturias (OR 11.4) and in animals co-infected with Fasciola hepatica (OR 13.1). Animals from farms without slurry scrapers also showed significantly higher prevalences (OR 76.9), which may be related to less professionalization. Egg shedding intensity was notably higher in older animals and those co-infected with F. hepatica as well as in farms from coastal areas and using extensive management. Calicophoron daubneyi was the only species detected. Conclusions Our findings reveal a continued upward trend in rumen fluke prevalence in cattle from north-western Spain, suggesting that a stabilization of prevalence is not occurring. The study highlights that surveillance, farmer education, and integrated control measures are highly recommended in north-western Spain, especially in Asturias, where infection rates are particularly high.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Relationship between Reproductive Performance and the Presence of Antibodies against Coxiellosis in Dairy Farm Milk Tanks in the Northwest of Spain
(MDPI, 2024-01-23) Yáñez, Uxía; Álvarez Torres, Jacobo; Pisón, Cristina; Acción Carro, Antía; Becerra González, Juan José; García Herradón, Pedro José; Peña Martínez, Ana Isabel; Prieto Lago, Alberto; Díaz Cao, José Manuel; Quintela Arias, Luis Ángel; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Patoloxía Animal; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER)
Q fever is an infectious disease caused by Coxiella burnetii that can affect both humans and animals. Given its consequences and the lack of epidemiological data published about its distribution and risk factors, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii at dairy farms in the northwest of Spain, identify which risk factors favor its occurrence, and the consequences on reproductive performance at the farm level. Bulk tank milk samples were collected from 262 farms and analyzed to identify antibodies against this bacterium. Additionally, data about potential risk factors and reproductive performance were obtained. A total of 60.1% of the farms tested positive for coxiellosis, and the main risk factors were the herd size, the purchase of livestock, and the geographical area. Additionally, conception rate and first-service conception rates were lower in positive farms, which also tended to have higher incidence of reproductive disorders after calving.
Glycemic response and starch digestibility in traditional and industrial breads from the Galician market (NW Spain)
(Elsevier, 2025-11-04) España Fariñas, M. Pilar; Méndez Sánchez, Esperanza María; Pereira Lorenzo, Santiago; Romero Rodríguez, María de los Ángeles; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Facultade de Ciencias; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Escola Politécnica Superior de Enxeñaría; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER); Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Produción Vexetal e Proxectos de Enxeñaría
In Galicia, bread is not only a dietary staple but also a cultural and high-value product. The increasing replacement of traditional bread by industrial alternatives has raised nutritional concerns. This study assessed in vitro starch digestibility and estimated glycemic index (eGI) in 72 breads from the Galician market, including industrial and artisan traditional samples made with wheat, rye, or corn. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed across samples in terms of starch fractions and glycemic index. Traditional breads made with local corn or rye flours showed lower eGI values and higher resistant starch contents, whereas industrial wheat breads exhibited higher eGI and rapidly digestible starch fractions. Both compositional and technological factors influenced glycemic response, including cereal type, sourdough use, and fermentation duration. Overall, traditional breads produced with local flours and long fermentation displayed a slower starch digestibility pattern and more favorable nutritional profile than industrial counterparts, supporting their promotion as healthier options within a balanced diet.
A Prospective Study of the Prevalence and Predictive Risk Factors of Repeat Breeder Syndrome in Dairy Cattle in the North of Spain
(MDPI, 2025-01-18) L. Villar, Sofía; Pérez Marin, Carlos C.; Álvarez Torres, Jacobo; Acción, Antía; Barrionuevo, Renato; Becerra González, Juan José; Peña Martínez, Ana Isabel; García Herradón, Pedro José; Quintela Arias, Luis Ángel; Yáñez, Uxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Patoloxía Animal; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER)
The study addresses repeat breeder syndrome (RB), a significant reproductive issue in dairy cattle, where cows fail to conceive after three or more inseminations despite appearing healthy. The research aimed to identify risk factors contributing to RB in primiparous (first-time calving) and multiparous (multiple calvings) cows on dairy farms in northern Spain. Analyzing 2370 cows, the study identified critical risk factors such as body condition loss, reproductive pathologies (e.g., dystocia, endometritis), metabolic disorders (e.g., ketosis), lameness, and mastitis. For multiparous cows, delaying the first insemination postpartum reduced the RB risk. Seasonal effects showed fewer cases when calving occurred in summer or autumn. The findings suggest that addressing these factors through improved management, health monitoring, and breeding practices can enhance reproductive efficiency, lower costs, and support animal welfare. Therefore, reducing RB prevalence contributes to sustainable dairy farming and supports societal concerns about food production’s economic and environmental impacts.
Preliminary applications of infrared thermography for detecting lameness in dairy cattle
(Paradigm, 2025-08-29) Álvarez, Jacobo; Holgado, Raquel; Vidal, Lucía; Acción Carro, Antía; Barrionuevo, Renato; González, Román; Yáñez, Uxía; Becerra González, Juan José; Peña Martínez, Ana Isabel; García Herradón, Pedro José; Quintela Arias, Luis Ángel; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Patoloxía Animal; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER)
This study investigated the potential use of infrared thermography (IRT) as a routine tool for the early diagnosis of laminitis in dairy cows, with a long-term goal of automating the method. The specific study objectives were as follows: (1) to establish any relationship between the maximum temperature (MT) of the coronary band and locomotion scores (LS); (2) to correlate the MT of different hoof regions (sole, interdigital space and coronary band) with lameness diseases; and (3) to assess whether parity influences hoof temperature. Thermal images of hind feet of 368 cows were captured with an infrared camera. Coronary band MTs were significantly higher in cows with LS ≥3 (cranial [CR] = 34.15 ± 2.07°C, caudal [CD] = 32.48 ± 3.02°C) than in cows with LS = 1 (CR = 32.13 ± 4.72°C, CD = 30.09 ± 5.81°C). Parity significantly influenced MTs, with lower temperatures recorded across all hoof regions in multiparous cows (≥3 calvings) than in primiparous cows. Additionally, hoof MTs were higher in cows with interdigital dermatitis (CR = 32.17 ± 2.24°C, CD = 30.66 ± 3.67°C, sole = 26.91 ± 2.48°C, interdigital space = 33.83 ± 2.40°C) than in healthy cows. These findings support the use of IRT to identify early signs of lameness and highlight the need for further research to enable automated thermographic monitoring in dairy herds.
Days in Milk, Parity and Milk Production Influence on the Hind Hoof Skin Surface Temperature in Dairy Cattle
(MDPI, 2026-01-01) Acción Carro, Antía; Álvarez Torres, Jacobo; Holgado, Raquel; Vidal, Lucía; Barrionuevo, Renato; González, Román; Becerra González, Juan José; Peña Martínez, Ana Isabel; García Herradón, Pedro José; Quintela Arias, Luis Ángel; Yáñez, Uxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Patoloxía Animal
Prompt identification of clinical signs and early treatment of hoof problems are essential to effectively manage and reduce lameness in dairy farms. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of days in milk (DIM), parity, and milk yield (MY) on the mean temperature (MT) of the hind hooves in healthy cows, with the perspective of implementing infrared thermography (IRT) as an automated tool for early lameness detection. Thermal images were collected from 156 milking cows, capturing both cranial and caudal surfaces of each hind foot. Significant differences were found between primiparous and multiparous cows across all analyzed surfaces. Moreover, cows with higher milk production exhibited significantly higher MT in the caudal left hoof and on both cranial surfaces. The variable DIM (group 1 = cows with ≤202 DIM; group 2 = cows with >202 DIM) did not significantly affect MT on caudal surfaces; however, on the cranial view, MT of the right hoof was higher in group 2, while group 1 tended to show higher MT in the left hoof (p = 0.051). In conclusion, hoof MT increases in multiparous and high-producing cows. Additionally, during the first 200 days of lactation, cranial hoof surface temperatures tend to rise. Future studies should include continuous monitoring using automated systems to record variations throughout the day.
Bridging research and practice using digital twin modeling to mitigate methane emissions across dairy production stages
(Oxford University Press, 2025-10-10) Castillo Rodríguez, Cristina; Muiño Otero, Rodrigo; Benedito Castellote, José Luis; Martínez Díez, Elena Niceas; Varela López, Óscar; Salcedo Díaz, Gregorio; Hernández Bermúdez, Joaquín; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Patoloxía Animal; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER); Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Facultade de Veterinaria
This study examined dietary determinants of enteric methane (CH4) emissions in high-yielding Holstein Friesian dairy cows across different physiological stages. Emissions were estimated using the IPCC Tier 2 methodology during peak lactation, the full lactation cycle, and the dry period in two commercial groups with distinct productivity. Group A (38–40 kg milk/day) showed higher peak dry matter intake and fiber content than Group B (32–35 kg milk/day), which had greater ether extract (EE) levels. Peak-lactation CH4 emissions were significantly higher in Group A (P < 0.05), while dry-period values did not differ (P > 0.05). Dietary EE was inversely associated with CH4 output, suggesting a potential mitigation pathway. Phase-specific regression models (adjusted R2 = 0.88–0.93) confirmed diet composition and physiological stage as major drivers of emissions. Digital twin simulations based on these models offer a non-invasive, reproducible tool for predicting emission scenarios, which is particularly valuable in farms where direct measurements are impractical. These findings highlight the feasibility of integrating diet optimization and predictive modeling into herd management strategies, enabling substantial reductions in CH4 emissions while sustaining milk yield and overall productivity in intensive dairy systems.
Modeling Pinus radiata D. Don growth and pasture production under different land uses and climate scenarios
(Frontiers, 2022-12-08) Ferreiro Domínguez, Nuria; Rigueiro Rodríguez, Antonio; Mosquera Losada, María Rosa; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Produción Vexetal e Proxectos de Enxeñaría; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER)
Yield-SAFE is a biophysical model to predict long-term production according to light and water availability in agricultural, forest, and agroforestry systems. The Yield-SAFE model should be calibrated and validated for the highest number of tree species and crops to be used as a management tool that takes into account climate change. This study aimed to calibrate and validate the Yield-SAFE model for Pinus radiata D. Don and sown pasture (Dactylis glomerata L.) to estimate the production in (1) forest systems, (2) agricultural systems, and (3) silvopastoral systems established in Galicia (NW Spain) under different conditions of climate: (i) reference “current” climate from 1961 to 1990, (ii) climate from 2021 to 2050, and (iii) climate from 2051 to 2080. The Yield-SAFE model can now be used to assess the long-term productivity of P. radiata D. Don and D. glomerata L. under different land uses and climate conditions. The Yield-SAFE model simulated similar tree and pasture growth in all scenarios of climate because the inter-annual variation of climate was small. However, tree growth estimated with the Yield-SAFE model was higher in the silvopastoral systems than in the forest systems, indicating that land use had more impact on land productivity than climate. Therefore, in regions such as Galicia, the Yield-SAFE model could be used as a tool to support the land use change in an agroforestry context, whilst also including climate scenarios which is considered a valuable solution to mitigate the effect of climate change
Physiological responses and pregnancy rate of black and white Holstein heifers during hot and cold seasons in a desert region
(MDPI, 2025-11-30) Avendaño Reyes, Leonel; Corrales Navarro, Emiliano; Macías Cruz, Ulises; López Baca, María de los Ángeles; Roque Jiménez, José A.; Robinson, Peter H.; Mellado, Miguel; Hernández Bermúdez, Joaquín; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Patoloxía Animal; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER)
Our aim was to compare certain physiological traits and pregnancy rates in dairy heifers classified by coat color during summer and winter months in a Sonoran Desert region. Sixty Holstein heifers were randomly selected (age and weight of 13.1 ± 0.82 months and 382 ± 5.3 kg) and divided by season (i.e., winter and summer) and hair coat color (i.e., black and white). There were 28 summer heifers (13 black/15 white) and 32 in winter (18 black/14 white). Respiratory frequency (RF) was determined visually, and body surface temperatures (BSTs) of several anatomic regions were collected using thermography at 06:00 and 15:00 h every 3rd day. Furthermore, three blood samples were collected from each heifer in each season to determine hematological profiles and serum analytes (i.e., electrolytes, metabolites, hormones). Reproductive variables were pregnancy rate and services per pregnancy. Ambient temperatures ranged from 25 to 49 ◦C in summer and 3 to 28 ◦C in winter. In summer and winter, RF and most BST were higher (p < 0.05) in black heifers in the morning, while only head, right flank, and loin were higher (p < 0.05) in the afternoon. Cortisol and progesterone concentrations were higher (p < 0.01) in summer, while thyroid hormones were higher (p < 0.05) in winter. Glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, and sodium were higher (p < 0.05) in winter. Reproductive traits were unaffected by season or coat color. Although there were some differences in physiological variables and some biochemical parameters by season and coat color, these alterations were not enough to modify reproductive responses of Holstein heifers
Influence of Cultivation System and Proportion of Local Cultivars ‘Caaveiro’ and ‘Callobre’ in Flour Mixtures on the Nutritional Quality of Galician Bread
(MDPI, 2025-05-13) España Fariñas, M. Pilar; Camba-Carrión, Joaquín; García-Gómez, María Belén; Vázquez Odériz, María Lourdes; Lombardero Fernández, Matilde; Pereira Lorenzo, Santiago; Urquijo-Zamora, Luis; Cobos García, Ángel; Díaz Rubio, Olga; Romero Rodríguez, María de los Ángeles; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición e Bromatoloxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Anatomía, Produción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Produción Vexetal e Proxectos de Enxeñaría; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER)
Bread is one of the main symbols of the culinary heritage of Galicia (NW Spain). This study evaluates the nutritional quality of Galician breads made from local wheat varieties, ‘Caaveiro’ and ‘Callobre’, under organic and conventional farming systems. Breads were prepared using 100% local wheat flour and a mixture of 25% local flour with 75% commercial flour, in accordance with the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) ‘Pan Galego’. Nutritional composition was assessed using official AOAC procedures and validated enzymatic assays, including macronutrients, fiber, starch fractions, sugars and minerals. The results reveal that 100% local wheat breads showed significantly higher levels of protein, carbohydrates and minerals, which are beneficial for human health. Specifically, ‘Caaveiro’ breads were richer in protein, while ‘Callobre’ breads exhibited higher carbohydrate and mineral content. Although the cultivation system had a minor effect, it was still relevant when combined with the proportion of local flour. The study highlights the potential of local wheat varieties to enhance the nutritional value of Galician bread.
Seasonal heat stress and the postpartum stage interactively influence milk fatty acid composition in Holstein dairy cows in Spain
(MDPI, 2025-10-27) Martínez Díez, Elena Niceas; Muiño Otero, Rodrigo; Castillo Rodríguez, Cristina; Hernández Bermúdez, Joaquín; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Patoloxía Animal; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER)
Climate change is intensifying heat stress conditions in livestock systems, posing significant challenges to animal welfare, productivity, and food quality. This study aims to investigate the combined effects of seasonal heat stress and postpartum physiology on the milk fatty acid (FA) profile of Holstein dairy cows in Galicia, Spain. Forty milk samples were collected during winter and summer and at 1 week and 1 month postpartum. Fatty acid composition was analyzed via gas chromatography (GC-FID), and heat stress exposure was quantified using the temperature–humidity index (THI). Results revealed that heat stress significantly altered the milk lipid profile, with increased concentrations of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SMCFA) such as C10:0 and C14:1 (n-5), and conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), suggesting enhanced de novo lipogenesis and shifts in rumen fermentation. Conversely, unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), including cis-11 C18:1 and cis-13 C18:1, decreased with lactation progression and thermal exposure. Notably, certain LCFAs remained stable under combined seasonal and physiological stress, indicating potential metabolic regulation. These results show how milk composition is sensitive to environmental stress and emphasize the need for climate-resilient management to protect milk quality under global warming.
Application of near infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics to authenticate local cultivar flour content in the production of protected geographical indication “Galician bread”
(Elsevier, 2025-05-05) Cazón Díaz, Patricia; España Fariñas, M. Pilar; Urquijo Zamora, Luis; Pereira Lorenzo, Santiago; Romero Rodríguez, María de los Ángeles; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición e Bromatoloxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER); Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Produción Vexetal e Proxectos de Enxeñaría
The Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) “Galician Bread” safeguards the traditional production of Galician wheat bread, recognized for its distinctive quality, which requires the use of at least 25 % flour from the local wheat cultivars ‘Caaveiro’ and ‘Callobre’. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) to ensure the authenticity, through quantitative analysis, of this high-value food product. A total of 160 mixtures samples of local wheat cultivars and commercial flours were prepared, ranging from 0 to 100 % of ‘Caaveiro’ or ‘Callobre’ content. Spectral data, acquired in the range 900–1700 nm, was analyzed with chemometric tools, using principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The mathematical models were developed using different preprocessing techniques, with the most effective model employing a combination of de-trending (DT) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC). The optimal model achieved high predictive accuracy, with a prediction determination coefficient (R2P) of 0.965, a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 5.561 % and a residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 5.292. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of NIR combined with chemometrics as a rapid, non-destructive and reliable method for predicting the content of local cultivars in wheat flour. This approach not only supports the authenticity of PGI “Galician Bread” by quantifying the presence of ‘Caaveiro’ or ‘Callobre’ flours in wheat mixtures, but also enables routine quality control and offers a valuable solution for both producers and regulatory bodies to ensure the traceability and integrity of the product.
Pheromones and behaviour of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): A review
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2025-09-30) Barrionuevo, Renato; Álvarez Torres, Jacobo; Acción Carro, Antía; Yáñez, Uxía; Sánchez Quinteiro, Pablo; Martínez Portela, Paulino; Becerra González, Juan José; Rodríguez Villamayor, Paula; Peña Martínez, Ana Isabel; García Herradón, Pedro José; Quintela Arias, Luis Ángel; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Patoloxía Animal; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Anatomía, Produción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER)
Pheromones are defined as substances released by an individual that have a specific influence on physiology, behaviour or development with another individual of the same species. Currently, the term pheromone is used in various disciplines, from psychology to electrophysiology, or to describe various chemosensory stimuli. The present literature review describes the main pheromone receptors and sources in rabbits, including the vomeronasal organ and the olfactory bulb; the main pheromone-producing glands are also described, such as the chin, anal, Harderian, mammary and the brown inguinal, as well as the urine as the major source for pheromonal communication. This review also provides a comprehensive examination of the role of pheromones in rabbit behaviour, integrating perspectives from physiology, behaviour and practical applications in rabbit farming. It delves into the mechanisms of pheromone action by discussing the main receptors and production sites, categorising pheromones in an orderly manner according to their functional roles in rabbits. Additionally, the review synthesises current research on pheromone influence, while highlighting both ecological implications and welfare improvements. By addressing these topics with scientific depth and practical relevance, this work offers an insightful understanding of rabbit pheromones and their diverse roles.
Estrus Detection and Optimal Insemination Timing in Holstein Cattle Using a Neck-Mounted Accelerometer Sensor System
(MDPI, 2025-08-23) Álvarez Torres, Jacobo; Acción Carro, Antía; López, Elio; Antelo, Carlota; Barrionuevo, Renato; Becerra González, Juan José; Peña Martínez, Ana Isabel; García Herradón, Pedro José; Quintela Arias, Luis Ángel; Yáñez, Uxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Patoloxía Animal; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER)
This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the accelerometer-equipped collar RUMI to detect estrus in dairy cows, establish a recommendation for the optimal timing for artificial insemination (AI) when using this device, and characterize the blood flow of the dominant follicle (F) and the corpus luteum (CL) as ovulation approaches. Forty-seven cycling cows were monitored following synchronization with a modified G6G protocol, allowing for spontaneous ovulation. Ultrasound examinations were conducted every 12 h, starting 48 h after the second PGF2α dose, to monitor uterine and ovarian changes. Blood samples were also collected to determine serum progesterone (P4) levels. Each cow was fitted with a RUMI collar, which continuously monitored behavioral changes to identify the onset, offset, and peak of activity of estrus. One-way ANOVA assessed the relationship between physiological parameters and time before ovulation. Results showed that the RUMI collar demonstrated high specificity (100%), sensitivity (90.90%), and accuracy (93.62%) for estrus detection. The optimal AI window was identified as between 11.4 and 15.5 h after heat onset. Increased blood flow to the F and reduced luteal activity were observed in the 48 h prior to ovulation. Further research is needed to assess the influence of this AI window on conception rates, and if it should be modified considering external factors.
Fundamentos do turismo sustentável. Conceptualização e gestão
(IBADER (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Lugo), 2025) López Cabarcos, María Ángeles; López Carballeira, Analía; Miramontes Viña, Vanessa; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Organización de Empresas e Comercialización; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Economía Financeira e Contabilidade; López Cabarcos, María Ángeles
O turismo é uma actividade complexa e multidimensional que envolve várias dimensões e aspectos económicos, o que o torna difícil de definir. Devido a esta complexidade, existem múltiplas definições e descrições do que constitui exactamente o turismo, quais os elementos que o compõem e até quem deve ser considerado um turista (Sancho, 1994; Telfer, 2014). Assim, Burkhart e Medlik (1981) identificam dois grupos principais nos quais as definições de turismo podem ser classificadas: técnicas e conceptuais. As abordagens técnicas ao conceito de turismo são aquelas que identificam diferentes tipos de turistas e actividades turísticas, geralmente com um objectivo estatístico ou legislativo. Esta é a base das definições de turismo adotadas pelo Turismo das Nações Unidas (antiga Organização Mundial do Turismo - OMT), pela Liga das Nações ou pela Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Viagens e Turismo, entre outras, e é utilizada principalmente para a medição quantitativa do tráfego turístico
Milk Fat Depression in Dairy Cattle: Etiology, Prevention, and Recovery Approaches
(MDPI, 2025-08-12) Martínez Díez, Elena Niceas; Muiño Otero, Rodrigo; Hernández Bermúdez, Joaquín; Díaz González, Lucía; Benedito Castellote, José Luis; Castillo Rodríguez, Cristina; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Patoloxía Animal
MFD is a nutritional disorder in dairy cattle characterized by a reduction in milk fat content despite a normal or increased milk yield. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the biological mechanisms and nutritional factors contributing to the development of this condition. Disruptions in rumen fermentation and alterations in fatty acid biohydrogenation (particularly the formation of trans-10 fatty acids) are recognized as central contributors to MFD. Several theories have been proposed to explain its pathophysiology, including the glucogenic, volatile fatty acid, trans fatty acid, and biohydrogenation theories. MFD is most commonly associated with diets low in fiber and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids or starch, which promote the accumulation of fatty acid intermediates that inhibit mammary lipogenesis. Among these, trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid is particularly notable for its potent suppression of de novo fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland. While proper dietary formulation remains the most effective preventive strategy, nutritional interventions such as magnesium-based alkalinizers, sodium bicarbonate, intravenous arginine, and vitamin E have shown promise in mitigating established cases. This review underscores the importance of nutritional management in preserving milk fat synthesis and promoting overall animal health.

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