Comparison of Clinical and Genetic Characteristics Between Younger and Older Lung Cancer Patients

Abstract

Introduction The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of young lung cancer cases, and to compare them with those of older cases.

Methods We used the Thoracic Tumors Registry (TTR) as a data source representative of lung cancer cases diagnosed in Spain, and included all cases registered until 9/01/2023 which had information on age at diagnosis or the data needed to calculate it. We performed a descriptive statistical analysis and fitted logistic regressions to analyze how different characteristics influenced being a younger lung cancer patient.

Results A total of 26,336 subjects were included. Lung cancer cases <50 years old had a higher probability of being women (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.21–1.57), being in stage III or IV (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.08–1.62), not having comorbidities (OR: 5.21; 95% CI: 4.59–5.91), presenting with symptoms at diagnosis (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.29–1.81), and having ALK translocation (OR: 7.61; 95% CI: 1.25–46.32) and HER2 mutation (OR: 5.71; 95% CI: 1.34–24.33), compared with subjects ≥50 years. Among subjects <35 years old (n = 61), our study observed a higher proportion of women (59.0% vs. 26.6%; p < 0.001), never smokers (45.8% vs. 10.3%; p < 0.001), no comorbidities (21.3% vs. 74.0%; p < 0.001); ALK translocation (33.3% vs. 4.4%; p < 0.001) and ROS1 mutation (14.3% vs. 2.3%; p = 0.01), compared with subjects ≥35 years.

Conclusions Lung cancer displays differences by age at diagnosis which may have important implications for its clinical management.