Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10347/34422

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 671

An immersive research activity for undergraduate nursing students: an educational innovation
(Elsevier, 2026-03-16) Villar Pérez, Lucía; Ferreira Díaz, María José
Background Undergraduate research projects can be used as powerful teaching–learning strategies to connect students with real-world nursing practice. This educational innovation was developed as a final-year nursing project that engaged students in a community-based health assessment in a rural school in Galicia, Spain. Innovation The project guided an undergraduate nursing student through the full research process—needs assessment, data collection, analysis, and intervention design—under faculty supervision. Using validated tools on adolescent health behaviors (diet, activity, sleep, and substance use), the experience helped the student apply standardized nursing languages (NANDA-I, NIC, NOC) and translate evidence into a school-based intervention plan. Implications The project fostered critical thinking, professional identity, and social accountability by integrating academic learning with community engagement. Conclusions Undergraduate projects that embed students in real-world contexts can enhance competence in research and health promotion while strengthening the link between nursing education and community practice.
Nanoassemblies for oral protein delivery — The case of monoclonals for inflammatory bowel disease
(Elsevier, 2026-01-10) López Estévez, Ana María; González Portela, María; Piñeiro Alonso, Laura; Gómez Lado, Noemí; Fraga Codesido, Jessica; García Otero, Xurxo; Aguiar Fernández, Pablo; Alonso Fernández, María José; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CiMUS); Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina
Biological drugs such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or peptides are the preferred therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or diabetes. Unfortunately, the necessity of their parenteral administration and poor access to their targets have limited their full exploitation. Nanotechnology has been explored for the oral administration of biologicals, however, the nanocarriers reported so far have shown limited translational value. The objective of this work has been to design a new nanocarrier for the oral administration of therapeutic proteins with a translational potential. We chose as cargos, insulin and two clinically relevant mAbs, Bevacizumab (BVZ, anti-VEGF-A mAb) and Adalimumab (anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) mAb). These macromolecules were assembled with amphiphilic biodegradable polymers, either positively charged (based on octaarginine-lauric r8C12) or negatively charged (polyglutamic acid derivatized with myristic acid, PGAC14) with the intention to assess their potential to facilitate the targeted delivery of the selected proteins. After a screening of a library of compositions, nanoformulations named as nanoassemblies (NAs) exhibiting singular features were selected, namely (i) a ultra-small and unimodal size of 50 nm and negative to neutral surface charge, (ii) a high drug loading capacity (>10 %, w/w), (iii) the ability to protect the cargo in simulated GI fluids, and (iv) the capacity to interact with the intestinal epithelium. In vivo PET/MRI biodistribution profile indicates that NAs consisting of BVZ-r8C12 are significantly retained in the colon as compared to free BVZ. The biodistribution analysis in a rat colitis model revealed that the inflamed conditions enhanced significantly the retention pattern of the NAs. On the other hand, a specific prototype containing anti-TNF (PEGylated NAs of anti-TNF mAb and PGAC14) were able to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decrease the colonic inflammation. Briefly, we present a new oral protein delivery platform and show the potential of specific prototypes for treating local inflammation in intestinal tissues. We also realize that to assess their potential further we need to fully understand their mechanism of action.
Veillonella atypica bacteraemia: Case report and literature review
(Elsevier, 2025-03-04) Franco Álvarez, Miguel; Jardi Cuadrado, Andrea; Fernández Cambeiro, Mariño Francisco; Domínguez Lago, Adrián; Díaz Peromingo, José Antonio; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina
Veillonella atypica is an anaerobic Gram-negative coccus, a common commensal of the human oral, vaginal and intestinal microbiota, which rarely causes infections in the human host. To date, only two cases of bacteraemia caused by this germ have been reported in the literature. We present the case of a 50-year-old male patient with liver cirrhosis who developed V. atypica bacteraemia in the context of acute diverticulitis complicated by an enterovesical fistula.
Impact of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems on Oral Mucosa: A Cytopathological and Molecular Study
(Wiley, 2026-03) Pérez Jardón, Alba; Chamorro Petronacci, Cintia Micaela; Reboiras López, María Dolores; E Silva, Fábio França Vieira; Padín Iruegas, María Elena; Pérez-Sayáns García, Mario; Almeida, Janete Días; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Materiais (iMATUS)
Background: The packaging and marketing of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) often target younger demographics. This study aimed to evaluate gene expression in e-cig users through exfoliative cytology. Methods: Samples were collected from 17 e-cig users and 10 nonsmokers as controls. Clinical data included age, gender, heart rate, oximetry, capillary blood glucose, carbon monoxide levels, sialometry, alcohol-related risk scores, alcohol consumption, and e-cig use parameters. Smears from the left tongue edge were obtained using a Rovers Orcellex Brush. The Papanicolaou method assessed epithelial maturation and cytological features, categorized from normal to conclusive for malignancy. Cellular composition, inflammation, microbial presence, and atypia were evaluated using a semiquantitative scoring system. Gene expression (p16, IL1-beta, CXCL8, TNF, and KRT13) was analyzed by RT-PCR. Statistical comparisons used the Mann-Whitney test, and correlations were assessed via Spearman's test (p ≤ 0.05). Results: Fruit flavors were the most preferred. Some users were former smokers (average abstention: 3.15 months). Bacterial colonies were more prevalent in the e-cig group (64.7% vs. 20%, p = 0.085), mucus and inflammatory changes were found exclusively in e-cig users (p = 0.062). No significant differences were found in the Papanicolaou classification by gender (p = 0.904). Gene expression analysis showed a differential expression of p16 and TNF between the groups. Significant correlations were found between carbon monoxide and p16 expression (r = -0.41, p = 0.02), vaping sessions per day and p16 expression (r = -0.37, p = 0.02), and daily alcohol dose and TNF expression (r = -0.42, p = 0.04). Conclusion: E-cigarette use may induce early molecular and cytological changes in the oral mucosa, affecting inflammation, immunity, and epithelial differentiation.
Distortion in the Communication of Nonsignificant Primary Outcomes: The Spin Strategy in Multiple Sclerosis Trials
(Wiley, 2026-01-26) Mascareñas García, Marta; Rivero de Aguilar, Alejandro; Candal Pedreira, Cristina; García, Guadalupe; Guerra Tort, Carla; Martín Gisbert, Lucía; Rey Brandariz, Julia; Pérez Ríos, Mónica; Varela Lema, María Leonor
Objective Spin refers to reporting strategies that highlight the benefits of an experimental treatment or divert attention from nonsignificant primary outcomes. We aimed to assess spin in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on pharmaceutical efficacy in multiple sclerosis (MS) and explore associated factors. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in MedLine (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane using database-specific thesauri (“Multiple Sclerosis” and “Drug Therapy”) to identify relevant studies. We included multiple sclerosis phase 3 and 4 randomized controlled trials with parallel, superiority designs that were published between 2013 and 2024 reporting nonsignificant primary outcomes. Spin was assessed in title, abstract conclusion, results, discussion, and conclusions. A descriptive analysis was followed by exploratory bivariate logistic regression. Independent variables included trial phase, sample size, drug type, comparison, follow-up time, registration, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) mention, risk of bias (RoB2), journal quartile, first author affiliation, and conflict of interest. Results Forty articles met inclusion criteria. Spin appeared in at least one section in 25 articles (62.5%) and in 3 or more in 19 articles (47.5%). The most frequent locations were abstract conclusions, discussion, and conclusions. Spin was significantly associated with smaller sample size (odds ratio [OR] = 7.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29–37.91, p = 0.024), non-Q1 journals (OR = 4.38, 95% CI = 1.03–18.63, p = 0.046), and first author affiliation outside Europe or the United States (OR = 5.09, 95% CI = 1.15–22.62, p = 0.032). Interpretation Spin is common in MS randomized controlled trials with nonsignificant primary outcomes and may mislead clinical decisions. ANN NEUROL 2026;99:316–327
Recommendations for selection, treatment, and follow‑up in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for neuroendocrine tumors: a Delphi consensus from the Galician Multidisciplinary Group on Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors (GGNET)
(Springer, 2026-03-10) Martínez Lago, Nieves; Cabezas Agrícola, José Manuel; Anido Herranz, Urbano; Nogareda Seoane, Zulema; Cousillas Castiñeiras, Antía; Varela Ponte, Rafael; Fernández Catalina, Pablo; Abou Jokh Casas, Estephany; Matías Leralta, José María de; Pubul Nuñez, Virginia
Background: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is an established treatment for patients with well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) expressing somatostatin receptors (SSTR). Despite robust trial and real-world data, heterogeneity persists regarding patient selection, therapeutic sequencing, and follow-up strategies. Methods: A Delphi consensus was conducted by the Galician Multidisciplinary Group on Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors (GGNET). Ten experts in oncology, endocrinology, nuclear medicine, and radiology participated. 29 clinical statements were developed after a systematic review and rated using a 4-point Likert scale. Consensus was defined as ≥ 70% agreement. Results: Consensus (defined a priori as ≥ 70% agreement) was achieved for all statements although the level of agreement varied across domains. PRRT was endorsed for patients with unresectable or metastatic, progressive, well-differentiated GEP-NETs (grades 1-3, Ki-67 ≤ 55%) with confirmed SSTR expression. SSTR-targeted imaging (PET or scintigraphy) was considered mandatory for eligibility, with PET identified as the preferred modality. [18F]-FDG-PET was recommended selectively as a complementary prognostic tool in higher-grade tumors, rapid progression, or discordant imaging. Multidisciplinary tumor board review was universally supported. Guidance was provided on treatment administration, including standard dosing, renal protection, hematologic monitoring, and individualized risk assessment. Routine interim imaging was not recommended. Structured follow-up with CT/MRI was endorsed, with indication-driven use of SSTR or FDG-PET and limited routine value of non-specific biomarkers. Functional biomarkers, such as 5-HIAA and peptide hormones, retained utility in functioning tumors. Conclusions: This Delphi consensus provides pragmatic, multidisciplinary, and evidence-informed guidance to harmonize routine clinical practice in the use of PRRT for well-differentiated, SSTR-positive NETs. The proposed statements and the algorithm aim to harmonize practice across centers, reduce variability in care, enhance safety, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. Keywords: Delphi consensus; Follow-up; Neuroendocrine tumors; PET SSTR; PRRT; Somatostatin receptors; [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE.
The paradox of empathy for pain: Personality, adversity, and affective resonance in psychiatry
(Elsevier, 2026-01-30) Souchon, Mathilde; López Castromán, Jorge; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina
Empathy for pain (EfP) refers to the capacity to experience and understand others’ pain and represents a fundamental process for psychosocial functioning. Psychiatric literature on EfP remains at times paradoxical, reflecting both intra- and interindividual variability. Notably, EfP appears either diminished or heightened across various psychiatric conditions. This scoping review aims to synthesize current findings to identify unifying patterns, focusing specifically on the influence of early life adversity (ELA), adulthood stressors, and personality traits on EfP processes. The literature was reviewed across two core domains: the neurobiological mechanisms underlying EfP and psychiatric diagnoses characterized by empathic dysfunction. Therapeutic implications are also discussed. EfP consistently recruits the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex. Exposure to stressors results in differential patterns of activation in this core network, depending on the nature and severity of the experienced stress. Severe ELA heightens sensitivity to negative emotional cues and disrupts the balance between emotional and cognitive components of empathy, while moderate ELA induces a global decrease in both. Stressors encountered in adulthood tend to blunt empathic responses overall. Personality traits and disorders show specific EfP patterns: individuals with borderline personality disorder tend to display heightened emotional responses to others’ pain, while those with psychopathic traits exhibit reduced emotional signal processing. Mentalization-based treatment has shown promising results in improving empathy deficits in personality disorders. Other approaches, such as mindfulness-based interventions and behavioral empathy training, may also support empathic functioning but remain under-investigated.
Neural stem cells and glioblastoma stem cells: Redefining concepts
(Elsevier, 2026-02-04) Arce Vázquez, Víctor Manuel; González Rendo, Lara; Porres Ventín, Laura; González Álvarez, Valentina; Caamaño Teixeira, Sabela; Almengló Buzón, Cristina; Señarís Rodríguez, Rosa María; Costoya Puente, José Antonio; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Medicina; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CiMUS); Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fisioloxía
Stem cells (SCs) represent a distinctive population of undifferentiated cells with the extraordinary ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types. Owing to this, SCs play a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, providing a source for the replacement of cell losses due to normal wear and tear. In addition, SCs display an unquestioned therapeutic potential, which has resulted in the development of several cell therapies for the treatment of different types of diseases. However, despite their remarkable potential, the therapeutic use of SCs must still face several challenges, which include ethical, legal and technical issues. Ethical and legal concerns are mainly related to the use of SCs obtained from human embryos, while technical problems mostly arise from the difficulty of appropriately directing the differentiation of the SCs to meet the tissue´s needs and the occurrence of events such as immune rejections. In addition, the safety of SC-based therapies is also under debate. Although they may offer a useful and harmless treatment for many pathologies, including some incurable and/or life-threatening diseases, a potential risk of tumorigenicity may also exist in some cases. Accumulating evidence also implicates SCs as the origin of, at least, some types of cancer. This is the case of glioblastoma (GBM), the most prevalent glioma type in adults, whose origin has been related to postnatal neural stem cells (NSCs), mainly located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. It has been proposed that these NSCs may give rise to glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), which through complex interactions with the tumor microenvironment exert a crucial effect on tumor growth and development.
Possible adverse effects of mining activity on the neurocognitive development of children in the area of Cerro de Pasco (Perú)
(Elsevier, 2026-05) Carreiro-DaCunha, Elton; Ordóñez Mayán, Lucía; Bianchini, Flaviano; Muñoz Barús, José Ignacio; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Ciencias Forenses, Anatomía Patolóxica, Xinecoloxía e Obstetricia, e Pediatría; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Ciencias Forenses "Luís Concheiro" (INCIFOR)
Over the last 10 years there have been a number of studies examining the effects of exposure to environmental metal pollution on the population of the area of Cerro de Pasco (Peru). These have documented the prolonged pollution of the area caused by mining activity and recorded its pathological effects on the exposed population. The present work reports associations between the concentrations of metals in the hair of the area's children and their cognitive development, investigates the neurocognitive effects of exposure, and examines the change in environmental metal concentrations over time. Significant differences in hair metal concentrations were detected between exposed (case) and non-exposed (control) populations; in the former, the mean arsenic concentration was three times that of the latter, the cadmium concentration was double, and that of lead six times that of the latter. The mean total IQ of the exposed children was 12.3 points lower than those who were not exposed. Significant correlations were detected between the lead, cadmium, arsenic, manganese and antimony concentrations of the children's (combined exposed and non-exposed) hair and TIQ. In the exposed population, marked increases in hair metal concentrations were recorded between 2016 and 2018 (200 %), later falling by 2021 (though still exceeding the 2016 concentrations). Multivariate analyses involving big data are required to determine the covariables that influence the development of TIQ in exposed children, and to determine whether high toxic metal concentrations are an independent risk factor for cognitive deficit.
Obestatin: canonical and unexpected functions
(Springer, 2026-03-05) Santos Zas, Icía; Gurriarán Rodríguez, Uxía; Cid Díaz, Tania; Leal López, Saúl; Casanueva Freijo, Felipe; Pazos Randulfe, Yolanda; Pérez Camiña, Jesús
The functions of appetite-regulating hormones have been studied for decades with the aim of finding a solution to the problem of obesity. Among these molecules, a small peptide called obestatin has emerged as an anorexigenic hormone, with an antagonistic effect to the hunger hormone ghrelin. After years of controversy regarding its function in food intake and the establishment of its receptor, GPR39, obestatin is currently being proposed as a powerful therapeutic candidate for pathologies associated with skeletal muscle. Several studies have demonstrated its key role as a regulatory peptide in myogenesis, thereby increasing regeneration in acute muscle damage. Obestatin promotes vascularization and reduces fibrosis in regenerated tissue, while also increasing muscle strength in muscle atrophy pathologies associated with glucocorticoid treatment and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This review describes the main mechanisms and signaling pathways regulated by the obestatin peptide in muscle pathology.
Variables associated with endogenous hyperinsulinism in hypoglycemia diagnosis. Could the 72-hour fasting test be shortened in low-risk patients?
(Elsevier, 2025-06-01) González Vidal, Tomás; Gude Sampedro, Francisco; Menéndez-Torre, Edelmiro; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina
Background: The 72-hour fasting test remains the standard for the diagnosis of endogenous hyperinsulinism. We investigated which variables could identify patients at low risk for endogenous hyperinsulinism, in whom a shortening of the 72-hour fasting test could be considered. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study included 64 individuals (46 women, median age 45 years) without diabetes who underwent 72-hour fasting tests for the etiologic diagnosis of hypoglycemia. Pre- and intra-test variables were collected, including point-of-care glucose trajectories during the test. Testing was stopped before 72 h if symptomatic serum glucose <55 mg/dL or asymptomatic serum glucose ≤45 mg/dL occurred. Endogenous hyperinsulinism was diagnosed in individuals who had serum glucose <55 mg/dL, serum insulin ≥3.0 μU/mL, and serum C-peptide ≥0.6 ng/mL. Results: Patients with endogenous hyperinsulinism (n = 10) had steeper descending point-of-care glucose trajectories (p < 0.001) than those without it. Older age and lower minimum pre-test serum glucose concentrations were independently associated with endogenous hyperinsulinism. A calculator for probability prediction of endogenous hyperinsulinism was developed including these variables and sex (AUC = 0.94). Older age, female sex, lower body mass index, and lower minimum point-of-care glucose during the first 24 h of fasting were independently associated with serum glucose <55 mg/dL after the first 24 h of fasting. A calculator for predicting probability of serum glucose <55 mg/dL after the first 24 h of fasting was developed including these variables (AUC = 0.84). Conclusions: Pre- and intra-test variables can identify individuals at low risk for endogenous hyperinsulinism, in whom shortening the 72-hour fasting test could be considered.
Proteomic analysis of the tear film in patients with keratoconus
(Molecular Vision, 2010) Lema Gesto, María Isabel; Brea López, David; Rodríguez González, Raquel; Diez-Feijoo Arias, Elio; Sobrino Moreiras, Tomás; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Cirurxía e Especialidades Médico-Cirúrxicas; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina
Purpose: To identify proteins differentially expressed between the tear film of keratoconus (KC) patients and control subjects using two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry-based techniques. Methods: Twenty two patients (44 eyes) diagnosed with bilateral KC and 22 control subjects (44 eyes) were studied in a prospective case-control study. Keratoconus screening programs and Orbscan II topographies were performed on all participants. Tear samples were collected by the Schirmer I method using filter paper. Proteins were extracted from the Schirmer strips and separated by 2-DE. Comparison of protein patterns was performed using PDQuest Software and protein differences were identified by mass spectrometry. Finally, results were validated by western-blot. Results: Four spots were identified to be differentially expressed between KC patients and control subjects. Three of them were more expressed in healthy subjects and they were identified as zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), lactoferrin, and IGKC (immunoglobulin kappa chain). The other spot was more expressed in KC patients and it was identified as ZAG. Differences in ZAG seem controversial in two different spots because different posttranslational modifications, however, analysis of both spots revealed that globally, ZAG is overexpressed in healthy subjects. Founded differences in ZAG, lactoferrin, and IGKC expression were subsequently validated by western blot. Conclusions: IGKC protein, ZAG, and lactoferrin are under-expressed in the tears of patients diagnosed with bilateral KC compared with healthy subjects. These differences could contribute to the knowledge of the pathophysiology of this disease.
ICalled-DIY Device for Hands-On and Low-Cost Adapted Emergency Call Learning: A Simulation Study
(MDPI, 2025-02-26) Castro-Alonso, Luis; Vázquez-Álvarez, Sheila; Martínez Isasi, Santiago; Fernández-Méndez, María; Rey-Fernández, Luz; García Martínez, María; Seijas-Vijande, Adriana; Barcala Furelos, Roberto; Otero-Agra, Martín; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina
Objective: To assess the efficacy of a low-cost, Do-It-Yourself training material for emergency call simulation training, compared to a more traditional approach. Methods: A quasi-experimental design without pre-test was used. A final sample of 762 schoolchildren, aged three to twelve years, received two training programmes. The control group (C-G) received training using an adult dummy and an authentic smartphone (336 schoolchildren). The experimental group (ICall-G) was trained using a stuffed toy and the ICalled-DIY device, a low-cost simulation consisting of three sheets of paper held together by a ring that simulates a smartphone. The 20 min training was delivered by a nurse using a didactic-demonstration-simulation methodology. The evaluation consisted of a simulation scenario, in which participants had to identify the emergency and make a call and were then evaluated with a checklist. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in unlocking the phone (ICall-G: 84% vs. C-G: 83%; p = 0.78) or dialling 112 to make the call (ICall-G: 91% vs. C-G: 91%; p = 0.89). Hands-free activation in ICall-G was significantly higher (81%) compared to C-G (54%) (p < 0.001). At the pre-primary level, results were lower than those observed in primary education, with minimal differences between the first cycle of primary education and subsequent cycles. Conclusions: The use of a practical, low-cost and adapted tool for emergency call instruction was found to be comparable to a conventional approach. In addition, the use of the ICalled-DIY device was found to be more effective in facilitating the understanding of hands-free activation.
Clinical features and long-term outcomes in patients under 35 years with coronary artery disease: Nested case–control study
(Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia | Elsevier, 2025-01-15) Juan-Salvadores, Pablo; Olivas-Medina, Dahyr; Torre Fonseca, Luis Mariano de la; Veiga, César; Campanioni, Silvia; Caamaño Isorna, Francisco; Íñiguez Romo, Andrés; Jiménez Díaz, Víctor Alfonso; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina
Introduction and objectives: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a globally significant cardiovascular condition, ranking among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. CAD has been predominantly associated with advanced age and classic cardiovascular risk factors. However, over the past decades, there has been a concerning rise in its occurrence among young adults, including patients under 35 years old. The present study analyzes the clinical features and outcomes of patients aged ≤35 years with CAD, compared to two age-matched control groups. Method: A nested case–control study of ≤35-year-old patients referred for coronary angiography due to clinical suspicion of CAD. Patients were divided into three groups: patients ≤35 years with CAD, subjects ≤35 years without CAD, and young patients ≥36–40 years with CAD. Results: Of the 19 321 coronary angiographies performed at our center over 10 years, 408 (2.1%) patients were ≤40 years old, 109 patients aged ≤35 years. Risk factors that showed a relationship with the presence of CAD were smoking (OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.03–6.03; p=0.042) and family history of coronary disease (OR 6.70; 95% CI 1.46–30.65; p=0.014). The group aged ≤35 years with CAD exhibited a risk of major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE) (HR 13.3; 95% CI 1.75–100; p<0.001) than subjects ≤35 years without CAD. The probability of major adverse cardiovascular events was associated with being ≤35 years old, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and depression. Conclusion: Patients aged ≤35 exhibited a poor long-term prognosis, with a high risk of new revascularization and acute myocardial infarction during the follow-up period. Focusing on preventive measures can have a significant impact on overall prognosis.
Binge Drinking and its Relationship with Suicidal Thoughts and Suicidal Attempts in University Students
(Springer, 2024-03-01) Juan-Salvadores, Pablo; Torre Fonseca, Luis Mariano de la; Lafuente Pérez, Antía; Veiga, César; González-Nóvoa, José A.; Íñiguez Romo, Andrés; Caamaño Isorna, Francisco; Jiménez Díaz, Víctor Alfonso; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina
Binge drinking, notably common among university students, poses health risks. Despite a significant global concern about suicide, especially among young people, research on the connection between binge drinking and suicide in university students is limited. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between binge drinking, suicidal attempts, and suicidal thoughts among university students from two institutions. Among the 2178 participants from public universities, 4.0% reported suicidal attempts, and 26.5% reported suicidal thoughts. Binge drinking did not show a significant association with suicidal attempts or suicidal thoughts. The results revealed that female gender (OR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.32–2.01; p < 0.001) and alcohol use disorder (OR 2.23, 95% CI: 1.49–3.55; p < 0.001] were independent predictive variables for suicidal behavior. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions addressing alcohol-related behaviors and mental health, particularly among females and those with alcohol use disorder, to enhance the overall psychological well-being of university students.
Suicide risk among residents and PhD students: A systematic review of the literature
(Elsevier, 2024) Poli, Marianna; Russotto, Sophia; Fornaro, Michele; Gonda, Xenia; López Castromán, Jorge; Madeddu, Fabio; Zeppegno, Patrizia; Gramaglia, Carla; Calati, Raffaella; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina
Residents and PhD students (any discipline) are susceptible to various mental health issues, including suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This systematic review aimed to (1) estimate the prevalence of suicide-related outcomes among residents/PhD students and (2) assess the associated variables. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases were searched for articles documenting quantitative information about suicide-related outcomes among residents and PhD students from inception until April 30, 2023. Sixty studies were included. Estimates of the current prevalence of the following suicide-related outcomes were: death wishes (DW), 9.1%; suicidal ideation (SI), 8.6%; suicidal planning (SP), 3.2%; non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), 1.9%; suicide attempt(s) (SA), .8%. Additionally, estimates of the lifetime prevalence were: lifetime SI (L-SI), 25.9%; lifetime SP (L-SP), 10.0%; lifetime SA (L-SA), 3.1%. Depression, burnout, hopelessness, loneliness, low quality of the relationship with the supervisor and experiencing workplace mistreatment frequently co-occurred with the assessed outcomes. Many outcomes (DW, SI, SP, L-SI, L-SP, L-SA) had a higher prevalence compared to the general population, while some (SI, NSSI, SA) were lower compared to undergraduates. Interventions for individuals at risk in this population are vital together with the modification of the work environment and the promotion of a supportive academic and professional culture to reduce suicide risk.
Identification of Asthma Phenotypes in the Spanish MEGA Cohort Study Using Cluster Analysis
(Elsevier, 2023-01-18) Matabuena, Marcos; Salgado Castro, Francisco Javier; Nieto Fontarigo, Juan José; Álvarez-Puebla, María J.; Arismendi, Ebymar; Barranco, Pilar; Bobolea, Irina; Caballero, María L.; Cañas, José Antonio; Cárdaba, Blanca; Cruz, María Jesús; Curto, Elena; Domínguez-Ortega, Javier; Luna, Juan Alberto; Martínez-Rivera, Carlos; Mullol, Joaquim; Muñoz, Xavier; Rodríguez-García, Javier; Olaguibel, José María; Picado, César; Plaza, Vicente; Quirce, Santiago; Rial, Manuel J.; Romero-Mesones, Christian; Sastre, Beatriz; Soto-Retes, Lorena; Valero, Antonio; Valverde-Monge, Marcela; Pozo, Victoria del; Sastre, Joaquín; González Barcala, Francisco Javier; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Bioquímica e Bioloxía Molecular; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Centro de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes da USC (CiTIUS); Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina
Introduction The definition of asthma phenotypes has not been fully established, neither there are cluster studies showing homogeneous results to solidly establish clear phenotypes. The purpose of this study was to develop a classification algorithm based on unsupervised cluster analysis, identifying clusters that represent clinically relevant asthma phenotypes that may share asthma-related outcomes. Methods We performed a multicentre prospective cohort study, including adult patients with asthma (N=512) from the MEGA study (Mechanisms underlying the Genesis and evolution of Asthma). A standardised clinical history was completed for each patient. Cluster analysis was performed using the kernel k-groups algorithm. Results Four clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (31.5% of subjects) includes adult-onset atopic patients with better lung function, lower BMI, good asthma control, low ICS dose, and few exacerbations. Cluster 2 (23.6%) is made of adolescent-onset atopic asthma patients with normal lung function, but low adherence to treatment (59% well-controlled) and smokers (48%). Cluster 3 (17.1%) includes adult-onset patients, mostly severe non-atopic, with overweight, the worse lung function and asthma control, and receiving combination of treatments. Cluster 4 (26.7%) consists of the elderly-onset patients, mostly female, atopic (64%), with high BMI and normal lung function, prevalence of smokers and comorbidities. Conclusion We defined four phenotypes of asthma using unsupervised cluster analysis. These clusters are clinically relevant and differ from each other as regards FEV1, age of onset, age, BMI, atopy, asthma severity, exacerbations, control, social class, smoking and nasal polyps.
Respiratory Pathology and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review
(Elsevier, 2024) Campos-Rodríguez, Francisco; González Barcala, Francisco Javier; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina
Respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have high prevalence and share common risk factors. In some respiratory diseases such as sleep apnoea and COPD, the evidence of their negative impact on the prognosis of CVDs seems clear. However, in other diseases it is less evident whether there is any direct relationship. With this in mind, our objective was to provide information that may be helpful to better understand the relationship between respiratory pathology and CVDs. There are different reasons for this relationship, such as shared risk factors, common pathophysiological mechanisms, side effects of treatment and the direct effect in the heart and great vessels of respiratory diseases. Indeed, aging and smoking are risk factors for CVDs and also for respiratory diseases such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), COPD and interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Furthermore, there are common pathophysiological mechanisms that affect both respiratory diseases and CVDs, such as accelerated atherosclerosis, microvascular dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, hypoxemia and oxidative stress. Besides that, it is well known that lung cancer, sarcoidosis and amyloidosis may directly affect the heart and great vessels. Finally, side effects of drugs for respiratory diseases and the discontinuation of treatments that are necessary for CVDs, such as β-blockers and aspirin, may have a deleterious impact on the cardiovascular system. In conclusion, the coexistence of respiratory diseases and CVDs is very common. It makes modifying diagnostic and therapeutic management necessary and is also a relevant prognostic factor.
Home Hospitalisation: A Polyhedric Approach to Healthcare in Acute Respiratory Patients
(Elsevier, 2025-01-01) Ferreiro-Posse, Antía; Novo Veleiro, Ignacio; Mayán Conesa, Plácido; González Barcala, Francisco Javier; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina
Insights Into Hereditary Alpha-Tryptasemia From a Genome-Wide Association Study in Hymenoptera Venom Anaphylaxis
(Wiley, 2026) Blanco Ramos, María Teresa; Cruz Guerrero, Raquel; Fernández-Franco, Irene; Vargas, Mª Ángeles; Carracedo Álvarez, Ángel; González Quintela, Arturo; Vidal Pan, Carmen; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Ciencias Forenses, Anatomía Patolóxica, Xinecoloxía e Obstetricia, e Pediatría; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CiMUS)

Browse

Recent Submissions