Análise matemática dalgúns modelos de cuantificador borroso
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[GL] Multitude de fenómenos reais están suxeitos a factores imprecisos, que non poden ser expresados
de xeito exacto e requiren do emprego de variables e conxuntos borrosos. Así, a
predición da evolución dos mencionados fenómenos estará vinculada necesariamente ao emprego
de expresións imprecisas que, na linguaxe natural, se corresponden con enunciados que
inclúen termos como “bastante”, “moitos”, “pouco”, “normalmente”, “case todo”, “case sempre”,
“con frecuencia”, etc. Os números borrosos son, entón, un mecanismo esencial para poder
describir esta imprecisión. Dende o punto de vista matemático, un número borroso é unha
función definida nun certo espazo base con valores no intervalo [0; 1], que permite asignar a
cada elemento do dominio un grao de pertenza a un certo conxunto, expresando o grao de
certeza dunha afirmación.
Un dos problemas fundamentais que xorde á hora de determinar o grao de veracidade dunha
expresión como as anteriores referida a un conxunto de datos, é que o valor deste grao de
certeza depende do modelo de cuantificación que se empregue, podendo ofrecer un resultado
que non sexa representativo da realidade dos datos. Isto está relacionado coas propiedades
matemáticas do modelo escollido.
Neste traballo, proponse estudar en detalle as propiedades matemáticas de diferentes modelos
de cuantificador borroso.
[EN] Many real phenomena are subject to imprecise factors, which cannot be expressed exactly and require the use of fuzzy variables and sets. Thus, the prediction of the evolution of these phenomena will necessarily be linked to the use of imprecise expressions that, in natural language, correspond to statements that include terms such as ‘quite’, ‘many’, ‘little’, ‘normally’, ‘almost everything’, ‘almost always’, ‘frequently’, etc. Fuzzy numbers are then an essential mechanism for being able to describe this inaccuracy. From a mathematical point of view, a fuzzy number is a function defined on a certain base space with values in the interval [0; 1], which allows to assign to each element of the domain a degree of membership to a certain set, expressing the degree of certainty of a statement. One of the fundamental problems that arise when determining the degree of veracity of an expression such as the previous ones referring to a data set is that the value of this degree of certainty depends on the quantification model used, and may offer a result that is not representative of the reality of the data. This is related to the mathematical properties of the chosen model. In this work, it is proposed to study in detail the mathematical properties of different fuzzy quantifier models.
[EN] Many real phenomena are subject to imprecise factors, which cannot be expressed exactly and require the use of fuzzy variables and sets. Thus, the prediction of the evolution of these phenomena will necessarily be linked to the use of imprecise expressions that, in natural language, correspond to statements that include terms such as ‘quite’, ‘many’, ‘little’, ‘normally’, ‘almost everything’, ‘almost always’, ‘frequently’, etc. Fuzzy numbers are then an essential mechanism for being able to describe this inaccuracy. From a mathematical point of view, a fuzzy number is a function defined on a certain base space with values in the interval [0; 1], which allows to assign to each element of the domain a degree of membership to a certain set, expressing the degree of certainty of a statement. One of the fundamental problems that arise when determining the degree of veracity of an expression such as the previous ones referring to a data set is that the value of this degree of certainty depends on the quantification model used, and may offer a result that is not representative of the reality of the data. This is related to the mathematical properties of the chosen model. In this work, it is proposed to study in detail the mathematical properties of different fuzzy quantifier models.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2020-2021
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