EmPeCemos: un programa multicomponente para la prevención indicada de los problemas de conducta y el abuso de drogas
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Asociación Española de Estudios en Drogodependencias
Abstract
En la última década, un amplio número de investigaciones ha permitido constatar la existencia
de trayectorias de desarrollo desadaptativas, asociadas a problemas de conducta
de inicio temprano. Estas trayectorias, en las que se implica una compleja cadena de
factores familiares, escolares y socioemocionales, dan lugar a desajustes comportamentales
crónicos y severos, de difícil tratamiento, incluyendo comportamientos antisociales
y abuso de drogas. Por ello, la investigación en prevención subraya la necesidad de una
intervención temprana que, actuando sobre los individuos en alto riesgo y su entorno,
permita detener el avance hacia patrones severos de desadaptación. En esta línea, se
desarrolló EmPeCemos, un programa multicomponente de prevención indicada que se
asienta sobre la investigación previa en mecanismos de riesgo y protección y sobre las
experiencias previas empíricamente validadas. Está dirigido a niños con problemas de
conducta de inicio temprano y consta de tres componentes: 1) Un componente familiar
(12 sesiones), que entrena a los padres en prácticas parentales apropiadas y promueve un
clima de relaciones positivas en la familia y con la escuela; 2) un componente dirigido a los
niños (12 sesiones), para desarrollar habilidades emocionales (identifi cación y regulación
de emociones), cognitivas (toma de perspectivas, resolución de problemas) y sociales
(comunicación no verbal, establecimiento de amistades); 3) un componente dirigido a
profesores (8 sesiones), para dotarles de promoción de comportamientos positivos en el
aula, manejo de las conductas disruptivas y colaboración con la familia. Los tres componentes
se aplican de modo conjunto y coordinado, a fi n de generar cambios coherentes
en el niño y en su contexto más inmediato. En este artículo se describen los fundamentos
y los componentes del programa. Se describen asimismo las aplicaciones realizadas hasta
el momento y se proporcionan datos iniciales sobre niveles de participación, aceptación y satisfacción por parte de los implicados. El programa multicomponente ha mostrado
su viabilidad, generando altas tasas de participación e implicación, con bajas cifras de
abandono, y ha mostrado una alta “validez social” entre los participantes
During the last decade, a wide body of research has underlined the existence of high-risk developmental trajectories, linked to early-onset conduct problems. These trajectories, where a complex chain of family, school, and socio-emotional factors are involved, generate chronic, severe patterns of behavioural dysfunctions, including antisocial behaviours and drug abuse. So, prevention science has stressed the need of early intervention which, targeting high-risk individuals and contexts, can stop the advance towards severe patterns of disadaption. In this line, the EmPeCemos program was developed. EmPeCemos is a multi-component indicated prevention program, targeted towards children with earlyonset conduct problems. The program is based on 1) research about risk/protection mechanisms and 2) empirically validated prevention experiences. It targets children with early-onset conduct problems and it is confi gured by three components: 1) a family component (12 sessions), which trains parents in parenting practices, promotes a healthy family atmosphere and appropriate relations with school; 2) a children component (12 sessions) to develop emotional skills (emotion identifi cation and regulation), cognitive skills (perspective taking, problem solving), and social skills (non verbal communication, friendship establishment); 3) a teacher component (8 sessions) to train teachers in promotion of good behaviours at classroom, management of disruptive behaviours and collaboration with family. The three components are delivered in a coordinated way, in order to generate coherent changes in the child and his/her environment. This paper describes the foundations and components of the program, and the implementations which were done to date. Initial data are also presented about participation, acceptance and satisfaction by participants. The multicomponent program has proven its feasibility, it has generated high rates of participation and involvement, with low dropout rates, and it has shown a high degree of “social validity” among participants
During the last decade, a wide body of research has underlined the existence of high-risk developmental trajectories, linked to early-onset conduct problems. These trajectories, where a complex chain of family, school, and socio-emotional factors are involved, generate chronic, severe patterns of behavioural dysfunctions, including antisocial behaviours and drug abuse. So, prevention science has stressed the need of early intervention which, targeting high-risk individuals and contexts, can stop the advance towards severe patterns of disadaption. In this line, the EmPeCemos program was developed. EmPeCemos is a multi-component indicated prevention program, targeted towards children with earlyonset conduct problems. The program is based on 1) research about risk/protection mechanisms and 2) empirically validated prevention experiences. It targets children with early-onset conduct problems and it is confi gured by three components: 1) a family component (12 sessions), which trains parents in parenting practices, promotes a healthy family atmosphere and appropriate relations with school; 2) a children component (12 sessions) to develop emotional skills (emotion identifi cation and regulation), cognitive skills (perspective taking, problem solving), and social skills (non verbal communication, friendship establishment); 3) a teacher component (8 sessions) to train teachers in promotion of good behaviours at classroom, management of disruptive behaviours and collaboration with family. The three components are delivered in a coordinated way, in order to generate coherent changes in the child and his/her environment. This paper describes the foundations and components of the program, and the implementations which were done to date. Initial data are also presented about participation, acceptance and satisfaction by participants. The multicomponent program has proven its feasibility, it has generated high rates of participation and involvement, with low dropout rates, and it has shown a high degree of “social validity” among participants
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Bibliographic citation
Romero, E., Villar, P., Luengo, M. A., & Gómez-Fraguela, J. A. (2009). EmPeCemos: Un programa multicomponente para la prevención indicada de los problemas de conducta y el abuso de drogas. Revista Española de Drogodependencias, 4, 420-447
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https://www.aesed.com/upload/files/vol-34/n-4/v34n4_3.pdfSponsors
La investigación descrita en este trabajo
pudo ser realizada gracias a las subvenciones
recibidas del Ministerio de Educación (proyecto
BS02003-01340), la Fundación María José
Jove y la Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan
Nacional sobre Drogas (proyecto: “Prevención
temprana del abuso de drogas: Estudio de
seguimiento e intervención multicomponente”,
Orden de la convocatoria de BOE 29 de
agosto de 2006)
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Copyright © 2009 Asociación Española de Estudios en Drogodependencias








