Análisis de los programas de intervención en estudiantes tradicionales universitarios de primer año
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[ES] La transición a la Educación Superior requiere de constantes adaptaciones a las exigencias y
particularidades de un contexto académico-social dispar a etapas anteriores, identificándose
el primer año como el período crítico. Las investigaciones muestran la elevada prevalencia de
conflictos académicos, emociones, sociales y conductuales en estudiantes de primer año que
no disponen de las habilidades precisas para afrontar de forma adecuada esta transición
educativa, provocando consecuencias en su desarrollo y formación y que pueden desembocar
en la deserción de los estudios superiores. El objetivo de este trabajo es recoger los datos más
relevantes aportados por la literatura en los últimos diez años sobre los programas realizados
por las instituciones universitarias para prevenir las dificultades relacionadas con el entorno
educativo del estudiante tradicional universitario de primer año. La revisión de las
investigaciones escogidas informan que Estados Unidos y Australia implementan un mayor
número de programas de intervención, situación contraria a los países europeos, que muestran
una baja implicación. Existe un amplia diversidad de intervenciones, siendo los programas
más reiterados los First Year Seminars (FYS) e instrucción suplementaria. Los hallazgos
también muestran la introducción de oportunidades de interacción social entre estudiantes,
profesores y personal restante en las iniciativas preventivas, elemento de vital importancia.
Finalmente, en los últimos años se han introducido nuevos componentes pedagógicos como
las TIC o las comunidades de aprendizaje para aumentar la retención del alumnado.
[EN] The transition to higher education requires constant adaptations to the needs and characteristics of previous stages disparate academic and social context, identifying the first year as the critical period. Research shows the high prevalence of academic, emotions, social and behavioral conflicts in freshmen who do not have the precise skills to adequately face this educational transition, causing consequences on their development and training that can end in dropout of higher education. The aim of this study is to collect the most notable data provided by the literature in the last ten years about programs to prevent problems related to the educational environment of the first-year traditional freshman conducted by academic institutions. The review of selected research report that the United States and Australia implemented a greater number of intervention programs, contrary to European countries, which show a low implication. There is a wide diversity of interventions, being the most reiterated First Year Seminars (FYS) and supplemental instruction. The findings also show the introduction of opportunities for social interaction between students, teachers and the remaining staff on preventive initiatives, element of vital importance. Finally, in the last years new pedagogical components had been introduced in intervention programs such as ICT or learning communities to increase student retention.
[EN] The transition to higher education requires constant adaptations to the needs and characteristics of previous stages disparate academic and social context, identifying the first year as the critical period. Research shows the high prevalence of academic, emotions, social and behavioral conflicts in freshmen who do not have the precise skills to adequately face this educational transition, causing consequences on their development and training that can end in dropout of higher education. The aim of this study is to collect the most notable data provided by the literature in the last ten years about programs to prevent problems related to the educational environment of the first-year traditional freshman conducted by academic institutions. The review of selected research report that the United States and Australia implemented a greater number of intervention programs, contrary to European countries, which show a low implication. There is a wide diversity of interventions, being the most reiterated First Year Seminars (FYS) and supplemental instruction. The findings also show the introduction of opportunities for social interaction between students, teachers and the remaining staff on preventive initiatives, element of vital importance. Finally, in the last years new pedagogical components had been introduced in intervention programs such as ICT or learning communities to increase student retention.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Psicoloxía. Curso 2014-2014
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