Programación estocástica

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[GL] A priori podemos pensar que o problema dun agricultor que debe decidir as cantidades que vai plantar de certos cultivos e o problema dun coordinador de rutas de transporte dun distribuidor de carburante non teñen nada en común; porén, non é certo. Ademais do obxectivo de optimizar certos beneficios ou custos suxeitos ás diversas restricións sobre as variables de decisión, algúns parámetros (rendementos de cultivos ou demandas de clientes, respectivamente) poden distar de ser deterministas, estar suxeitos a incerteza e requirir un tratamento como variables aleatorias. Ao longo deste traballo empregaranse diversos exemplos ilustrativos co fin de motivar a programación estocástica. Ademais estudaranse diversos elementos teóricos, como a guía para unha correcta modelización, as condicións de optimalidade e os conceptos de valor esperado de información perfecta e valor da solución estocástica. O traballo tamén consta de dous métodos para a resolución de diversos problemas. O primeiro é un modelador, denominado SMPS, que se emprega para resolver problemas lineais e que pode ser empregado no servidor de optimización NEOS. O outro método que se explicará é un algoritmo heurístico deseñado para resolver problemas de rutas de vehículos estocásticos
[EN] A priori we can think that the problem of a farmer who has to decide the quantities to plant of certain crops and the problem of transport route coordination of a fuel distributor have nothing in common; however, it is not true. Besides the objective of optimizing certain benefits or costs subject to several restrictions on decision variables, some parameters (crop yields or customer demands, respectively) may be far from deterministic, be subject to uncertainty and require treatment as random variables. Throughout this project, diverse illustrative examples will be used in order to motivate stochastic programming. Furthermore, various theoretical elements will be studied, such as the guide for a correct modelling, optimal conditions and the concepts of the expected value of perfect information and the value of the stochastic solution. The present work also consists of two methods to solve various problems. The first one is a modeller, called SMPS, which is utilized to solve linear problems and it can be used through the NEOS server of optimization. The other method that will be explained is a heuristic algorithm designed to solve stochastic vehicle routing problems

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Traballo de Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2019-2020

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Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional