Xeometría dos fibrados tanxentes e cotanxentes
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[GL] Os obxectivos principais deste traballo son: En primeiro lugar, describir os fibrados tanxentes e cotanxentes dunha variedade diferenciable como variedades diferenciables, e introducir os elementos xeométricos canónicos destas variedades, como son, a 1-forma de Liouville e a estrutura simpléctica canónica no fibrado cotanxente; a estrutura tanxente canónica e o campo de vectores de Liouville no fibrado tanxente. Para isto faise, en ambos casos, unha pequena introdución dos conceptos alxébricos correspondentes a tales estruturas. En segundo lugar, con ditos elementos xeométricos, desenvolvemos a formulación xeom étrica das ecuacións de Hamilton e de Euler-Lagrange, establecendo que as solucións destas ecuacións son as curvas integrais de certos campos de vectores nos fibrados cotanxentes e tanxentes, respectivamente. Para unha mellor comprensión de dita formulación presentamos varios exemplos físicos, tanto da formulación hamiltoniana como da lagrangiana.
[EN] This work has two parts Firstly, we describe the tangent and cotangent bundles of a manifold as smooth manifolds, and we introduce the geometric canonical structures on these manifolds, which are the Liouville 1-form and the canonical symplectic structure on the cotangent bundle; the canonical almost tangent structure and the Liouville vector field on the tangent bundle. In both cases we make a brief introduction to the algebraic concepts corresponding to these geometric structures. Secondly, we develop the geometric formulation of Euler-Lagrange and Hamilton equations using these geometric tools, we show that the solutions of these equations are integral curves of certain vector fields on the cotangent and tangent manifolds, respectively. We develop some physical examples of the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation, in order to improve its understanding.
[EN] This work has two parts Firstly, we describe the tangent and cotangent bundles of a manifold as smooth manifolds, and we introduce the geometric canonical structures on these manifolds, which are the Liouville 1-form and the canonical symplectic structure on the cotangent bundle; the canonical almost tangent structure and the Liouville vector field on the tangent bundle. In both cases we make a brief introduction to the algebraic concepts corresponding to these geometric structures. Secondly, we develop the geometric formulation of Euler-Lagrange and Hamilton equations using these geometric tools, we show that the solutions of these equations are integral curves of certain vector fields on the cotangent and tangent manifolds, respectively. We develop some physical examples of the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation, in order to improve its understanding.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2019-2020
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