Curvas algebraicas y cuerpos de funciones
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[ES] Este trabajo consiste en una primera aproximación al estudio de la geometría algebraica
y su confluencia con el álgebra conmutativa. En primer lugar, se introduce la noción de
plano proyectivo tanto de manera axiomática como analítica. El plano proyectivo surge
de la idea de añadir nuevos puntos al plano afín, los cuales denominaremos puntos del
infinito. Esto nos permitirá estudiar la forma natural de sumergir el plano afín en el plano
proyectivo. Posteriormente, nos adentraremos en el estudio de las variedades algebraicas
afines y proyectivas, así como la transferencia entre ellas. En concreto, profundizaremos en
las curvas algebraicas, que son variedades de dimensión 1 y veremos que definen un cuerpo
de funciones racionales, un objeto algebraico dotado de gran importancia. Finalmente, se
estudiará cómo reconstruir la curva a partir de este cuerpo. Para ello, introduciremos el
concepto de punto no singular de una curva y exploraremos los fundamentos de los anillos
de valoración discreta.
[EN] This work consists of a first approach to the study of algebraic geometry and its confluence with commutative algebra. First, the notion of the projective plane is introduced both axiomatically and analytically. The projective plane stems from the idea of adding new points to the affine plane, that we will denominate points at infinity. This will allow us to study the natural way of embedding the affine plane into the projective plane. Subsequently, we are going into the study of affine and projective algebraic varieties, as well as the transfer between them. In particular, we will delve into the algebraic curves, which are varieties of dimension 1, and we will see that they define a field of rational functions, an algebraic object endowed with great importance. Finally, we will study how to reconstruct the curve from this field. To that end, we will introduce the concept of non singular point of a curve and we will explore the fundamentals of discrete valuation rings.
[EN] This work consists of a first approach to the study of algebraic geometry and its confluence with commutative algebra. First, the notion of the projective plane is introduced both axiomatically and analytically. The projective plane stems from the idea of adding new points to the affine plane, that we will denominate points at infinity. This will allow us to study the natural way of embedding the affine plane into the projective plane. Subsequently, we are going into the study of affine and projective algebraic varieties, as well as the transfer between them. In particular, we will delve into the algebraic curves, which are varieties of dimension 1, and we will see that they define a field of rational functions, an algebraic object endowed with great importance. Finally, we will study how to reconstruct the curve from this field. To that end, we will introduce the concept of non singular point of a curve and we will explore the fundamentals of discrete valuation rings.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2018-2019
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