La ecuación de Liénard
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La ecuación de Liénard generaliza la ecuación del oscilador armónico lineal y permite modelar de manera adecuada algunos sistemas de ecuaciones diferenciales planos donde existe un movimiento periódico. En este trabajo, tras dar unas nociones previas sobre análisis cualitativo de ecuaciones diferenciales, estudiaremos el Teorema de Liénard, que garantiza la existencia y unicidad de ciclo límite para ciertos sistemas asociados a la ecuación de Liénard. Además, expondremos en profundidad dos ejemplos, correspondientes al área de la electrónica (el oscilador de Van der Pol) y a la biología (el modelo del latido del corazón de Zeeman), que siguen esta estructura. Finalmente, daremos otros dos resultados teóricos de aplicación para otras ecuaciones que resultan de generalizar, aún más, la ecuación de Liénard introduciendo coeficientes no lineales que combinan tanto la variable dependiente y su derivada, con sus respectivos ejemplos.
Liénard's equation generalizes the linear harmonic oscillator equation allows for the adequate modeling of certain planar differential equation systems where periodic motion exists. In this work, after providing some preliminary notions on the qualitative analysis of differential equations, we will study Liénard's Theorem, which guarantees the existence and uniqueness of a limit cycle for certain systems associated with Liénard's equation. Additionally, we will explore in depth two examples, corresponding to the fields of electronics (the Van der Pol oscillator) and biology (the Zeeman heart model), which follow this structure. Finally, we will present two other theoretical resultsapplicable to other equations that further generalize the Liénard equation by introducing nonlinear coefficients that combine both the dependent variable and its derivative, along with their respective examples.
Liénard's equation generalizes the linear harmonic oscillator equation allows for the adequate modeling of certain planar differential equation systems where periodic motion exists. In this work, after providing some preliminary notions on the qualitative analysis of differential equations, we will study Liénard's Theorem, which guarantees the existence and uniqueness of a limit cycle for certain systems associated with Liénard's equation. Additionally, we will explore in depth two examples, corresponding to the fields of electronics (the Van der Pol oscillator) and biology (the Zeeman heart model), which follow this structure. Finally, we will present two other theoretical resultsapplicable to other equations that further generalize the Liénard equation by introducing nonlinear coefficients that combine both the dependent variable and its derivative, along with their respective examples.
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