Teoría de sub y sobre soluciones aplicada a las ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias
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El método de sub y sobresoluciones ha sido objeto de estudio desde la última década del siglo XIX, debido a su eficacia en el análisis de ecuaciones diferenciales no lineales. Este enfoque permite establecer la existencia de soluciones sin necesidad de resolver explícitamente el problema. En este trabajo se presenta, en primer lugar, la aplicación del método de sub y sobresoluciones a ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias de segundo orden con condiciones de periodicidad. Se demuestran distintos resultados de existencia de solución, que, además, garantizan que dicha solución o soluciones están entre la sub y sobresolución. Posteriormente, se expone el método monótono, una técnica constructiva basada en funciones de Green y en la elección adecuada de un par de sub y sobresoluciones. A diferencia del caso anterior, este método se aplica a ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias de orden arbitrario y bajo condiciones de contorno generales, no necesariamente periódicas. El procedimiento genera sucesiones monótonas, dadas como las únicas soluciones de correspondientes problemas lineales asociados, que convergen hacia las soluciones extremales localizadas entre la sub y la sobresolución, del problema no lineal estudiado.
The method of lower and upper solutions has been studied since the last decade of the 19th century due to its effectiveness in the analysis of nonlinear differential equations. This approach allows the establishment of the existence of solutions without the need to solve the problem explicitly. In this work, we first present the application of the lower and upper solution method to second-order ordinary differential equations with periodic conditions. Various existence results are proved, which also ensure that the solution or solutions are bounded by the lower and the upper solution. Next, we describe the monotone method, a constructive technique based on Green’s functions and the appropriate choice of a pair of lower and upper solutions. Unlike the previous case, this method is presented to ordinary differential equations of arbitrary order and under general boundary conditions, not necessarily periodic. The procedure generates monotone sequences that converge to the extremal solutions of the problem.
The method of lower and upper solutions has been studied since the last decade of the 19th century due to its effectiveness in the analysis of nonlinear differential equations. This approach allows the establishment of the existence of solutions without the need to solve the problem explicitly. In this work, we first present the application of the lower and upper solution method to second-order ordinary differential equations with periodic conditions. Various existence results are proved, which also ensure that the solution or solutions are bounded by the lower and the upper solution. Next, we describe the monotone method, a constructive technique based on Green’s functions and the appropriate choice of a pair of lower and upper solutions. Unlike the previous case, this method is presented to ordinary differential equations of arbitrary order and under general boundary conditions, not necessarily periodic. The procedure generates monotone sequences that converge to the extremal solutions of the problem.
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