Extensiones de grupos y cohomología
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[ES] El principal problema asociado a las extensiones de grupos es clasificar, dados dos grupos, todas sus extensiones posibles salvo equivalencia. Este es un problema difícil pero, bajo ciertas condiciones para los grupos que determinan la extensión, se vuelve más manejable, y su resolución se alcanza mediante la cohomología de grupos. En este trabajo se estudiará dicho problema. Primero, se darán nociones básicas de sucesiones exactas, Q-módulos y productos semidirectos, así como propiedades de los mismos. Después, se estudiarán las extensiones generales y su tipo más simple, las extensiones escindidas, y su relación con el producto semidirecto.
Posteriormente, bajo las hipótesis de que la extensión tenga núcleo abeliano, se presentará una construcción general de grupos de cohomología y la teoría clásica de extensiones para dimensión baja, con la que Schreier dio solución al problema. Finalmente, se probará el Teorema de Schur-Zassenhaus utilizando los resultados anteriores y se dará una construcción de los grupos de cohomología más eficiente usando resoluciones libres.
[EN] Given two groups, the main problem that arises when studying group extensions is classifying every possible extension of these groups up to equivalence. This is a complicated problem; however, it becomes easier to handle when certain conditions related to the groups defining the extension are satisfied, and its solution can be found using group cohomology. We will study this problem in this paper. First, we shall present basic notions of exact sequences, Q-modules and semidirect products, and some of their properties. After that, we will study general group extensions, focusing next on the simplest of extensions, the ones that split, and their relation to the semidirect product. Next, we will suppose the extension’s kernel is abelian and present a general construction of cohomology groups and the classic group extension theory in low dimension, which leads to Schreier’s solution. Lastly, we will prove the Schur-Zassenhaus theorem using these results and give a more efficient construction for cohomology groups using free resolutions.
[EN] Given two groups, the main problem that arises when studying group extensions is classifying every possible extension of these groups up to equivalence. This is a complicated problem; however, it becomes easier to handle when certain conditions related to the groups defining the extension are satisfied, and its solution can be found using group cohomology. We will study this problem in this paper. First, we shall present basic notions of exact sequences, Q-modules and semidirect products, and some of their properties. After that, we will study general group extensions, focusing next on the simplest of extensions, the ones that split, and their relation to the semidirect product. Next, we will suppose the extension’s kernel is abelian and present a general construction of cohomology groups and the classic group extension theory in low dimension, which leads to Schreier’s solution. Lastly, we will prove the Schur-Zassenhaus theorem using these results and give a more efficient construction for cohomology groups using free resolutions.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2020-2021
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