Validación de la versión española del POSITUAS como herramienta de amplio espectro para la detección precoz del consumo problemático de alcohol y sustancias en la adolescencia
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Ministerio de Sanidad
Abstract
FUNDAMENTOS // La situación actual del consumo de alcohol y sustancias en España sugiere la necesidad de invertir esfuerzos en la detección e intervención precoz. Es necesario que los profesionales cuenten con instrumentos sencillos, adaptados a los tiempos de consulta y que hayan demostrado sus propiedades psicométricas. Este trabajo pretendió validar la versión española del POSITUAS, como herramienta genérica para la detección precoz de un posible trastorno por consumo de alcohol o sustancias en la adolescencia, promoviendo así su uso frente a la aplicación simultánea de diferentes escalas de cribado específicas para cada consumo.
MÉTODOS // Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal entre estudiantes de Educación Secundaria de Galicia (España), mediante una metodología selectiva. Se elaboró un cuestionario ad hoc que incluía variables sociodemográficas y las versiones en castellano del POSITUAS, del AUDIT, del HONC y del CAST. Participaron 1.027 estudiantes (44,7% de mujeres), de edades comprendidas entre los doce y dieciocho años (M=15,40; DT=1,638). Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante procedimientos descriptivos e inferenciales, así como mediante análisis psicométricos de consistencia interna, validez y capacidad de cribado.
RESULTADOS // El POSITUAS resultó ser un instrumento unidimensional, con una elevada consistencia interna (KR-20=0,84) y una excelente capacidad de cribado. Presentó un equilibrio entre sensibilidad y especificidad, así como un área bajo la curva COR, aceptables, tanto en el consumo de alcohol (se=0,84; es=0,90; curva COR=0,92) como de tabaco (se=0,79; es=0,83; curva COR=0,87) y cannabis (se=0,97; es=0,73; curva COR=0,93).
CONCLUSIONES // Este trabajo aporta evidencia psicométrica para avalar el uso del POSITUAS como herramienta de cribado genérica de un posible trastorno por consumo de alcohol o sustancias, en tanto que proporciona buenos resultados tanto en el caso de alcohol como del tabaco y del cannabis
BACKGROUND // The current situation of alcohol and substance use in Spain suggests the need to invest efforts in early detection and intervention. It is necessary for profes-sionals to have simple instruments that are adapted to consultation times and that have demonstrated their psychometric properties. This study aimed to validate the Spanish version of the POSITUAS as a generic tool for the detection of a possible alcohol or substance use disorders, thus enhancing its use compared to the simultaneous application of different screening scales specific to each use. METHODS // A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted among secondary school students in Galicia (Spain), using a selective methodology. An ad hoc questionnaire was developed including sociodemographic variables and the Spanish versions of the POSITUAS, AUDIT, HONC and CAST. A total of 1,027 students (44.7% female), aged between twelve and eighteen years (M=15.40; SD=1.638) participated. The data were statistically analyzed using descriptive and inferential procedures, as well as psychometric analyses of internal consistency, validity, and screening ability. RESULTS // The POSITUAS was found to be a unidimensional instrument, with high internal consistency (KR-20=0.84) and excellent screening ability. It showed a balance between sensitivity and specificity and an acceptable area under the ROC curve, both in detecting alcohol (se=0.84; es=0.90; ROC curve=0.92), tobacco (se=0.79; es=0.83; ROC curve=0.87) and cannabis (se=0.97; es=0.73; ROC curve=0.93) use. CONCLUSIONS // This article provides psychometric evidence supporting the use of POSITUAS as a generic tool for detecting possible alcohol or substance use disorders, as it offers good results in the case of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis
BACKGROUND // The current situation of alcohol and substance use in Spain suggests the need to invest efforts in early detection and intervention. It is necessary for profes-sionals to have simple instruments that are adapted to consultation times and that have demonstrated their psychometric properties. This study aimed to validate the Spanish version of the POSITUAS as a generic tool for the detection of a possible alcohol or substance use disorders, thus enhancing its use compared to the simultaneous application of different screening scales specific to each use. METHODS // A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted among secondary school students in Galicia (Spain), using a selective methodology. An ad hoc questionnaire was developed including sociodemographic variables and the Spanish versions of the POSITUAS, AUDIT, HONC and CAST. A total of 1,027 students (44.7% female), aged between twelve and eighteen years (M=15.40; SD=1.638) participated. The data were statistically analyzed using descriptive and inferential procedures, as well as psychometric analyses of internal consistency, validity, and screening ability. RESULTS // The POSITUAS was found to be a unidimensional instrument, with high internal consistency (KR-20=0.84) and excellent screening ability. It showed a balance between sensitivity and specificity and an acceptable area under the ROC curve, both in detecting alcohol (se=0.84; es=0.90; ROC curve=0.92), tobacco (se=0.79; es=0.83; ROC curve=0.87) and cannabis (se=0.97; es=0.73; ROC curve=0.93) use. CONCLUSIONS // This article provides psychometric evidence supporting the use of POSITUAS as a generic tool for detecting possible alcohol or substance use disorders, as it offers good results in the case of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis
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García Couceiro N, Gómez Salgado P, Isorna Folgar M, Villanueva Blasco VJ, Rial Boubeta A. Validación de la versión española del POSITUAS como herramienta de amplio espectro para la detección precoz del consumo problemático de alcohol y sustancias en la adolescencia: e202511076. Rev Esp Salud Pública [Internet]. 17 de noviembre de 2025 [citado 18 de noviembre de 2025];99(1):13 páginas. Disponible en: https://ojs.sanidad.gob.es/index.php/resp/article/view/1034
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© 2025 Nuria García-Couceiro, Patricia Gómez, Manuel Isorna, Víctor José Villanueva-Blasco, Antonio Rial. Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0








