A ecuación da corda vibrante e a xénese da análise de Fourier
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O problema da corda vibrante, impulsado como un xeito de explicar a música a través das matemáticas, xerou un dos maiores debates na historia das matemáticas, xogando un papel fundamental no esclarecemento do termo «función» que, ata o momento, non estaba claramente definido e servindo tamén para romper co axioma de fe da época, ao redor do século XVIII. Para resolver este problema foron necesarias aportacións de distintos matemáticos e dende distintas perspectivas.
Neste traballo destacaremos as aportacións de Brook Taylor, o primeiro en propoñer unha teoría sobre as vibracións fundamentais, Jean le Rond D’Alembert, que dá unha solución para o problema en cuestión, Leonhard Euler, suxerindo outra solución distinta á do seu colega, Daniel Bernoulli, centrándose no aspecto máis musical e físico do problema e servindo as súas ideas como base para os posteriores traballos de Joseph Fourier. Tamén Joseph-Louis Lagrange e, finalmente, Fourier quen, resolvendo a ecuación da calor resolvería tamén o problema da corda vibrante o que suporía a semente do que hoxe en día coñecemos como a análise de Fourier. Ademais, deduciremos a ecuación de ondas, que modela o problema, e o resolveremos en termos das matemáticas actuais.
The vibrating string problem, promoted as a way of explaning music through mathematics, generated one of the biggest debates in the history of mathematics, playing a key role in clarifying the term «function» that, until that moment, was not clearly defined and serving also to break with the «article of faith» of the 18th century, which ruled the mathematics of that century. It took several contributions from different mathematicians with different perspectives to solve this problem. In this dissertation, we will highlight the contributions of Brook Taylor, who was the first one to propose a theory on fundamental vibrations, Jean le Rond D’Alembert, who gave a solution to the problem, Leonhard Euler, who suggested another different solution, Daniel Bernoulli, who focused on the more musical and physical aspect of the vibrating string problem and whose ideas were the basis for the later work of Joseph Fourier. Also, Joseph-Louis Lagrange and, finally, Fourier who solved the problem by solving the heat equation. This was the germ of the Fourier analysis. In addition, we will derive the wave equation, which models the problem and solve it in terms of current mathematics.
The vibrating string problem, promoted as a way of explaning music through mathematics, generated one of the biggest debates in the history of mathematics, playing a key role in clarifying the term «function» that, until that moment, was not clearly defined and serving also to break with the «article of faith» of the 18th century, which ruled the mathematics of that century. It took several contributions from different mathematicians with different perspectives to solve this problem. In this dissertation, we will highlight the contributions of Brook Taylor, who was the first one to propose a theory on fundamental vibrations, Jean le Rond D’Alembert, who gave a solution to the problem, Leonhard Euler, who suggested another different solution, Daniel Bernoulli, who focused on the more musical and physical aspect of the vibrating string problem and whose ideas were the basis for the later work of Joseph Fourier. Also, Joseph-Louis Lagrange and, finally, Fourier who solved the problem by solving the heat equation. This was the germ of the Fourier analysis. In addition, we will derive the wave equation, which models the problem and solve it in terms of current mathematics.
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