Clasificación proyectiva de cuádricas: Índice de Witt
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El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar, desde un punto de vista geométrico, el comportamiento de las cuádricas proyectivas para poder así dar una clasificación consistente de las mismas. Comenzamos dando una introducción sobre el espacio proyectivo n-dimensional, que será donde trabajaremos a lo largo de toda la memoria. Se abordarán temas como la polaridad de una cuádrica y su relación con los puntos singulares de la misma, así como conceptos no vistos en el grado como puede ser el Índice de Witt, que surge de manera natural tras presentar el Teorema de Homogeneidad 3.6 y caracteriza por completo a una cuádrica en el caso complejo (y por tanto en el real). En particular se hará un estudio de las cuádricas Q2 y Q4, y de las familias de subespacios lineales contenidos en ellas, que veremos están garantizados gracias al Segundo Teorema de Estructura 3.11.
The objective of this work is to explore, from a geometric point of view, the behaviour of projective quadrics in order to give a consistent classification of them. We begin with an introduction to the n-dimensional projective space, where we will work throughout all the report. Topics such as the polarity of a quadric and its relationship with its singular points will be addressed, as well as concepts not seen in the degree, such as the Witt Index, which arises naturally after presenting the Homogeneity Theorem 3.6 and fully characterizes a quadric in the complex case (and, therefore, in the real one). In particular, we will make a study of the quadrics Q2 and Q4, and of the families of linear subspaces contained in them, which we will see are guaranteed thanks to the Second Structure Theorem 3.11.
The objective of this work is to explore, from a geometric point of view, the behaviour of projective quadrics in order to give a consistent classification of them. We begin with an introduction to the n-dimensional projective space, where we will work throughout all the report. Topics such as the polarity of a quadric and its relationship with its singular points will be addressed, as well as concepts not seen in the degree, such as the Witt Index, which arises naturally after presenting the Homogeneity Theorem 3.6 and fully characterizes a quadric in the complex case (and, therefore, in the real one). In particular, we will make a study of the quadrics Q2 and Q4, and of the families of linear subspaces contained in them, which we will see are guaranteed thanks to the Second Structure Theorem 3.11.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2021-2022
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