Un recorrido por las distribuciones notables en la Inferencia Estadística con aplicaciones
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Las distribuciones de probabilidad son una de las herramientas fundamentales dentro de la
Inferencia Estadística. El objetivo que se persigue en este trabajo es llevar a cabo un paseo por
algunas de las distribuciones de probabilidad unidimensionales más notables, tanto continuas
como discretas, estudiándolas desde el punto de vista de sus aplicaciones y mostrando algunas
de las relaciones que hay entre ellas a través de resultados como el Teorema Central del Límite.
Además, se lleva a cabo una pequeña introducción a la simulación de distribuciones de variables
aleatorias y se muestran algunos de los principales algoritmos incluyendo algunos ejemplos prácticos. Por último, para enfatizar la idea de que las distribuciones de probabilidad no son solo
una construcción analítica sino que muchos fenómenos de la realidad se ajustan a esas leyes se
estudia la bondad de ajuste de dos distribuciones, una continua y una discreta, a dos conjuntos
de datos no simulados.
Probability distributions are one of the most important tools in Statistical Inference. The aim of this work is to take a journey through some of the most relevant one-dimensional probability distributions, both continuous and discrete, by studying them from the point of view of their applications and showing some of the relationships between them through results such as the Central Limit Theorem. In addition, a short introduction to the simulation of distributions of random variables is given and some of the main algorithms are shown, including some practical examples. Finally, to emphasize the idea that probability distributions are not only an analytical construct but that many phenomena in reality conform to these laws, we study the goodness of fit of two distributions, a continuous and a discrete one, to two non-simulated data sets.
Probability distributions are one of the most important tools in Statistical Inference. The aim of this work is to take a journey through some of the most relevant one-dimensional probability distributions, both continuous and discrete, by studying them from the point of view of their applications and showing some of the relationships between them through results such as the Central Limit Theorem. In addition, a short introduction to the simulation of distributions of random variables is given and some of the main algorithms are shown, including some practical examples. Finally, to emphasize the idea that probability distributions are not only an analytical construct but that many phenomena in reality conform to these laws, we study the goodness of fit of two distributions, a continuous and a discrete one, to two non-simulated data sets.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2021-2022
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