Prevalencia y factores de riesgo del consumo de tabaco en el embarazo temprano
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Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social
Abstract
Fundamentos: El consumo de tabaco durante el embarazo
puede ocasionar consecuencias para la salud de la mujer y de su
hijo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia del
consumo de tabaco en el primer trimestre de embarazo y las variables asociadas.
Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con una muestra de
760 mujeres embarazadas de menos de 20 semanas, reclutadas de
2012 a 2014 en 7 centros de salud del área sanitaria de Santiago
de Compostela. La evaluación incluyó un cuestionario ad hoc,
la Perceived Stress Scale, el State Trait Anxiety Inventory y la
Edinburg Postnatal Depresion Scale. El análisis bivariante incluyó pruebas chi-cuadrado de Pearson y t de Student, y el análisis
multivariante se realizó mediante regresión logística binaria cal- culando Odds Ratio (OR) y sus intervalos de confianza (IC 95%).
Resultados: La prevalencia del consumo fue del 15,7%. Un
mayor porcentaje de fumadoras respecto a las no fumadoras no
tenían estudios universitarios (70,6% vs. 40,7%), tenían pareja
fumadora (65,5 vs. 24,0), menor conciencia de los efectos del tabaco (65,5% vs. 24,0%), no pensaban dar el pecho y presentaban
mayores niveles de ansiedad, estrés y depresión. Las variables
predictoras de fumar fueron no tener estudios universitarios (OR
2,56; 1,61-4,00), tener pareja fumadora (OR 5,26; 3,33-8,33),
menor conciencia de los efectos del tabaco (OR 1,79; 1,11-2,86)
y mayor percepción de estrés (OR 1,07; 1,04-1,09).
Conclusiones: El consumo de tabaco en el embarazo continúa siendo un problema importante que se ve influido tanto por
variables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con la salud, como
por variables psicológicas
Background: Tobacco consumption during pregnancy may cause health consequences for the pregnant woman and the future child. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of tobacco consumption in the first trimester of pregnancy and the variables related. Methods: A sample of 760 pregnant women less than 20 weeks, recruited from 2012 to 2014 in 7 health centers belonging to the sanitary area of Santiago de Compostela, were included in a crosssectional study. The assessment included an ad hoc questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Edinburg Posnatal Depresion Scale. In the bivariate analysis, Pearson chi-square and Student t tests were used, and the multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression calculating the Odds Ratio (OR) and their confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The prevalence of tobacco use was 15.7%. A greater percentage of smokers compared to nonsmokers don´t have a college degree (70.6% vs. 40.7%), have smoker partner (65.5 vs. 24.0), were less aware of how harmful tobacco it is (65.5% vs. 24.0%), hadn´t thought to breastfeed, and had higher levels of anxiety, stress and depression. The predictive variables of smoking were not having a college degree [OR 2.56; 1.61-4.00], having a partner who smokes [OR 5.26; 3.33-8.33], being not aware of the effects of tobacco [OR 1.79; 1.11-2.86] and an increased perception of stress [OR 1.07; 1.04-1.09]. Conclusions: Tobacco use during pregnancy continues to be an important problem, which is influenced by socio-demographic variables and related to health as well as by psychological variables
Background: Tobacco consumption during pregnancy may cause health consequences for the pregnant woman and the future child. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of tobacco consumption in the first trimester of pregnancy and the variables related. Methods: A sample of 760 pregnant women less than 20 weeks, recruited from 2012 to 2014 in 7 health centers belonging to the sanitary area of Santiago de Compostela, were included in a crosssectional study. The assessment included an ad hoc questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Edinburg Posnatal Depresion Scale. In the bivariate analysis, Pearson chi-square and Student t tests were used, and the multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression calculating the Odds Ratio (OR) and their confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The prevalence of tobacco use was 15.7%. A greater percentage of smokers compared to nonsmokers don´t have a college degree (70.6% vs. 40.7%), have smoker partner (65.5 vs. 24.0), were less aware of how harmful tobacco it is (65.5% vs. 24.0%), hadn´t thought to breastfeed, and had higher levels of anxiety, stress and depression. The predictive variables of smoking were not having a college degree [OR 2.56; 1.61-4.00], having a partner who smokes [OR 5.26; 3.33-8.33], being not aware of the effects of tobacco [OR 1.79; 1.11-2.86] and an increased perception of stress [OR 1.07; 1.04-1.09]. Conclusions: Tobacco use during pregnancy continues to be an important problem, which is influenced by socio-demographic variables and related to health as well as by psychological variables
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Bibliographic citation
Míguez Varela MC, Pereira B. Prevalencia y factores de riesgo del consumo de tabaco en el embarazo temprano. Rev Esp Salud Pública.2018;92: 30 de mayo e201805029
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© 2018 M. Carmen Míguez Varela, Beatriz Pereira. Este trabajo se ha publicado bajo la licencia Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 No portada (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)







