Tratapsicolóxico

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10347/34384

O grupo de investigación Avaliación e Tratamento das Adiccións, Trastornos Alimentarios, do Estado de Ánimo e Psicoloxía da Saúde é un dos cinco grupos de investigación da área de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía con sede na Facultade de Psicoloxía. O grupo está coordinado polo catedrático Elisardo Becoña Iglesias, as profesoras titulares M. Carmen Míguez Varela, M. Carmen Senra Rivera e M. Isabel Vázquez Rodríguez e a profesora Ana López Durán. Os membros do equipo de traballo ocúpanse de tarefas concretas nos diferentes proxectos de investigación nos que están involucrados.

LIÑAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN DO GRUPO: Tratamento do xogo patolóxico. Tratamento do tabaquismo. Prevención das drogodependencias. Tratamento da dependencia da cocaína. Tratamento da comorbilidade asociada ás condutas adictivas. Tratamento psicolóxico da asma bronquial. Factores psicolóxicos e avaliación psicolóxica na asma bronquial. Calidade de vida relacionada coa saúde en enfermidades físicas crónicas (asma, enfermidade renal). Factores de risco e protección dos trastornos do comportamento alimentario. Avaliación da dieta restritiva e variables psicolóxicas asociadas. Comorbilidade dos trastornos alimentarios e trastornos depresivos. Avaliación e tratamiento dos trastornos depresivos.

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The relationship of psychological factors and asthma control to health-related quality of life
(Elsevier, 2020) González Freire, Beatriz; Vázquez Rodríguez, María Isabel; Pértega Díaz, Sonia; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía
Background Psychological variables (anxiety, depression, and coping strategies) and asthma control (assessed from the patient's perspective or from the physician's perspective) affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in asthmatic patients. However, no study has simultaneously evaluated these variables to understand the independent contribution of each one of these factors to HRQoL. Objective To determine the impact of anxiety, depression, coping strategies, and asthma control on HRQoL, and to compare the impact of asthma control on HRQoL when it is established by the physician versus when it is considered by the patient. Methods A total of 373 asthmatics completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced Inventory, 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and St. George Respiratory Questionnaire. Asthma control was measured by the patient with Asthma Control Test and by the physician with the classification asthma control of Global Initiative for Asthma. Demographic and clinical characteristics were also collected. Results Anxiety, depression, and poor patient-rated asthma control status were associated with worse HRQoL in all dimensions (except Mental Health for asthma control). Physician-rated asthma control was related to worse HRQoL in physical generic and specific dimensions. Among coping strategies, only avoidant coping impacted HRQoL in a few dimensions. Conclusions Anxiety, depression, and asthma control (especially patient-rated asthma control) were important independent predictors of asthma HRQoL, and all of them should therefore be considered in interventions to improve HRQoL in asthmatic patients
Cognitive distortions in gamblers and non‑gamblers of a representative spanish sample
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2019) Labrador, Marta; Labrador, Francisco Javier; Crespo, María; Becoña Iglesias, Elisardo; Echeburúa Odriozola, Enrique; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía
Cognitive biases or distortions related to gambling, present in all people, are considered a relevant factor in the development of gambling-related problems. Objective: to establish whether the presence of these biases or cognitive distortions, in gamblers and non-gamblers, is related to the presence of gambling problems. Method: 3000 people aged 18–81 years, representative of the Spanish adult population, underwent a structured survey. Results: the presence of distortions was relevant to distinguish gamblers according to their level of gambling engagement and problems. There is a constant and significant tendency to have more cognitive distortions as gambling problems increase. But not all distortions have the same ability to distinguish between the different groups of gamblers. The results seem to group gamblers into three groups according to the presence of cognitive distortions, from less to more: (1) non-gamblers, (2) low-risk and at-risk gamblers, and (3) problem and pathological gamblers. The relevance of this research and its practical implications for both treatment and prevention work is discussed
Effect of depression on health-related quality of life of renal patients according to the modality of renal replacement therapy
(Springer Nature, 2023) Vázquez Rodríguez, María Isabel; Pértega Díaz, Sonia; García Becerra, Lorena; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía
Incorporating technology in smoking cessation interventions: In-person vs. videocall formats
(Elsevier, 2024) López Durán, Ana; Martínez Vispo, Carmela; Barroso Hurtado, María; Suárez Castro, Daniel; Becoña Iglesias, Elisardo; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Psicoloxía (IPsiUS)
Introduction The use of video calls to provide health-related interventions has grown significantly, showing positive results in a broad range of psychological interventions. Scarce research has examined video-call use in smoking cessation treatments. The purpose of this study was to compare two randomised controlled trials conducting a cognitive-behavioral intervention to quit smoking in-person versus using video calls. Material and methods This study is a secondary analysis of two randomised controlled trial studies (RCTs) conducted using two delivery formats: in-person vs. video calls. The sample comprised 498 adults seeking smoking cessation treatment. We analysed smoking cessation, cigarette reduction, and treatment satisfaction outcomes according to delivery format. Results No significant differences were found in sex, age, and baseline smoking-related variables. A significantly higher proportion of participants in the video-call format had university studies, were actively working, and had a history of depression compared to the in-person format. No significant differences were found in cessation, smoking reduction, and satisfaction with treatment. Predictive variables of 12-month abstinence were: baseline number of cigarettes smoked per day (OR = 0.93) in the case of the in-person format; and being a woman (OR = 0.53), cigarette dependence (OR = 0.46), and last year quit attempt (OR = 0.52) in the video-call format. Conclusions Both delivery formats showed similar abstinence rates at 12 months and satisfaction with the intervention. Therefore, in-person and video calls could be used to deliver smoking cessation treatments. Given that predictors of long-term abstinence differed across these delivery formats, further research is needed.
Personalized Online Intervention Based on a Risk Algorithm for the Universal Prevention of Anxiety Disorders: Design and Development of the prevANS intervention
(SAGE, 2024) Martínez Vispo, Carmela; García–Huércano, Cristina; Conejo–Cerón, Sonia; Rodríguez-Morejón, Alberto; Moreno-Peral, Patricia; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Psicoloxía (IPsiUS)
Objective To describe the design and development of prevANS, a personalized online intervention for the universal prevention of anxiety disorders based on a predictive risk algorithm. A user-centered approach was followed, considering the feedback of potential users and mental health professionals. Methods The study had three phases: (a) designing the intervention based on existing scientific literature; (b) piloting and evaluating the beta version involving potential users and health professionals; and (c) refining the intervention based on participants’ suggestions. This iterative process aimed to refine the prevANS intervention before testing in a randomized controlled trial. Results The prevANS intervention provides personalized anxiety risk reports and components tailored to individuals’ needs. Participants at low risk receive psychoeducation had access to a set of tools enhance protective factors. Moderate/high-risk individuals also receive cognitive-behavioral training. Both groups have access to a reward system and forum. Results from the design evaluation indicate that the prevANS interface is attractive and user-friendly and the psychoeducational materials helpful and engaging. The cognitive-behavioral training module received positive feedback. Participants suggested changes related to usability, content clarity, attractiveness, and engagement, which were implemented afterwards. Conclusions This article describes the development of a personalized intervention for preventing anxiety disorders using a validated risk prediction algorithm. The prevANS intervention was designed based on current scientific literature by a team of experts employing a user-centered approach. Research on the effectiveness of information and communication technologies in mental health prevention interventions considering user needs and preferences is warranted.
Dual alcohol and cannabis use in male and female adolescents: relationships with family variables
(Elsevier, 2023) Eslava, Dalila; Martínez Vispo, Carmela; Villanueva-Blasco, Víctor José; Errasti, José Manuel; Al-Halabí, Susana; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Psicoloxía (IPsiUS)
Family dynamics influence adolescents’ use of alcohol and other substances, such as cannabis. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between family variables and alcohol use, dual use of alcohol and cannabis, and non-use in adolescents according to sex. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample comprised 879 adolescents (56.4 % boys; M(SD)age = 14.25 (1.88) years). Multinomial regression analysis showed that for boys, the presence of family conflict increased the likelihood of being an alcohol (OR = 1.19) and dual (OR = 1.23) user rather than a non-user. For girls, communication reduced the probability of being an alcohol user (OR = 0.88), and the presence of consequences for breaking rules reduced the probability of being a dual user rather than a non-user (OR = 0.83) or an alcohol user (OR = 0.84). These findings highlight the importance of family prevention of adolescents’ substance use, bearing in mind the participants’ sex.
Boredom susceptibility and smoking cessation outcomes: sex differences
(Elsevier, 2019-04-13) Martínez Vispo, Carmela; Senra Rivera, María del Carmen; López Durán, Ana; Fernández del Río, Elena; Becoña Iglesias, Elisardo; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía
Among the smoking motives, boredom relief is one of the most reported by smokers. The tendency to experience boredom has been proposed as a personality trait related to addictive behaviors and other variables such as depression or the perception of environmental reward. Differences in boredom susceptibility have also been observed among men and women. However, so far, there have been few studies investigating the differential impact of boredom susceptibility on both sexes regarding smoking outcomes. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between boredom susceptibility, depressive symptoms, and environmental reward, and the influence of boredom susceptibility separately in men and women on smoking outcomes at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Our sample was composed of 210 smokers seeking psychological treatment to quit smoking. Results showed that boredom susceptibility was not significantly related to depressive symptoms, but it showed a significant association with a lower perception of environmental reward. Boredom susceptibility was a significant predictor of smoking outcomes in men at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups, whereas in women, this construct was not a significant predictor. These findings support the need to consider sex and personality differences in smoking cessation treatments in order to increase their effectiveness.
Evaluation of effectiveness and acceptability of a psychological treatment for smoking cessation combined with a smartphone App: a pilot study
(Elsevier, 2024) Barroso Hurtado, María; López Durán, Ana; Martínez Vispo, Carmela; Suárez Castro, Daniel; Becoña Iglesias, Elisardo; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía
Despite the increasing number of mobile-based interventions to quit smoking over the last years, few studies have investigated the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions blended with smartphone Apps. The present pilot study aims to examine the preliminary effectiveness and acceptability of a cognitive-behavioral treatment combined with a smartphone App, compared to the same psychological treatment without the App. The sample comprised 206 treatment-seeking smokers, who were assigned to: 1) an experimental group receiving a cognitive-behavioral intervention combined with the “Non Fumo” App (n = 102), and 2) a control group receiving only the cognitive-behavioral intervention to quit smoking (n = 104). Results concerning the primary outcomes showed no significant differences between conditions in point-prevalence abstinence rates at 12-month follow-up (35.30 % in the experimental group vs. 31.70 % in the control group) and in treatment acceptability. Regarding the secondary outcomes, both groups obtained similar point-prevalence abstinence rates at the end of treatment (61.80 % vs. 65.40 %), at 3-month (42.20 % vs. 45.20 %, respectively) and 6-month follow-ups (37.30 % vs. 37.50 %). No significant differences were found between conditions in prolonged abstinence rates at 6-month (35.3 % vs. 35.6 %) and 12-month follow-ups (30.4 % vs. 26.9 %). Overall, good abstinence rates and treatment acceptability were obtained, although there were no significant differences between conditions. More research is needed to establish clear conclusions about the efficacy of psychological smoking cessation treatments blended with smartphone Apps
Psychological factors and health-related quality of life in fibromyalgia patients
(University of Gdansk, Institute of Psychology, 2024) Pereira Campos, Ricardo; Vázquez Rodríguez, María Isabel; Vilhena, Estela; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía
Fibromyalgia (FM) has been associated with decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which has been linked to psychological variables such as anxiety, depression, coping, and social support. This study aimed to simultaneously analyse the association of these variables with HRQoL in FM patients and explore their mediating role in the relationship between somatic symptoms and HRQo
The utility of brief instruments for depression screening in dialysis patients
(Oxford University Press, 2024) Vázquez Rodríguez, María Isabel; Figueiras Guzmán, Adolfo; Salgado Barreira, Ángel; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina
Background Depression is a frequent but often underdiagnosed comorbid disorder in dialysis patients. The Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition (BDI-II) is a reliable and valid instrument for depression screening but is relatively long for repeated use in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to compare the BDI-II with the shorter questionnaires Beck Depression Inventory–FastScreen (BDI-FS), the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS-D), the Mental Health (MH) scale of the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and two items of the MH (‘So down in the dumps that nothing could cheer you up’ and ‘Downhearted and blue’) to determine the most efficient instruments for screening depressive symptoms in dialysis patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving patients from 14 health centres undergoing in-centre haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. All patients completed the BDI-II, HADS-D and MH scale. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for each brief instrument were assessed relative to BDI-II ≥16. Results Of the 145 patients included in the study (mean age 62 years; 66% male), 24.8% had depressive symptoms (BDI ≥16). The cut-off points with the highest sensitivity and negative predictive value for BDI-FS were ≥3 (91.7% and 96.1%, respectively) and ≥4 (80.6% and 92.4%, respectively) and for the HADS-D these were ≥4 (91.7% and 95.8%, respectively) and ≥5 (83.3% and 92.6%, respectively). The cut-off points for the total MH and the two items (considered separately or together) resulted in lower sensitivity (<80%) and lower negative predictive values (<90%). Conclusions Both the BDI-FS and HADS-D are adequate screening tools for depression in the dialysis population. As the BDI-FS is easier to complete and score and enables identification of patients at risk of suicide, it may be the best alternative to the BDI-II for depression screening in dialysis patients in clinical settings
Causes of smoking relapse in the 12 months after smoking cessation treatment: affective and cigarette dependence–related factors
(Elsevier, 2021-08) Rodríguez Cano, Rubén Agustín; López Durán, Ana; Martínez Vispo, Carmela; Becoña Iglesias, Elisardo; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía
Despite advances in smoking cessation treatments, smoking relapse remains common. Experiencing positive or negative affect and cigarette dependence are the most common causes of relapse; however, little is known about the characteristics that increase the risk of relapse from these causes among current treatment-seeking smokers. Thus, this study aimed to identify the most frequent causes of relapse and the individual characteristics that increase the risk of relapse from these causes during a 12-month period after smoking cessation. Participants included 121 treatment-seeking smokers who quit smoking at the end of treatment and relapsed during a 12-month follow-up period (60.3% female; Mage = 42.57, SD = 11.07). Results indicated that the most frequent smoking relapse situations occurred when smokers experienced positive (e.g., being relaxed; 43.0%) or negative (e.g., being angry; 37.2%) affect or cigarette dependence–related situations (e.g., craving; 19.8%). At an individual level, males with a higher level of education and without a psychopharmaceutical prescription had a higher risk of relapsing in positive-affect situations. Smoking the first cigarette at an older age increased the risk of relapse in negative-affect situations. Finally, being younger and less motivated to quit at pretreatment increased the likelihood of relapse in cigarette dependence–related situations. These findings provide detailed information about smoking relapse situations and identify a set of characteristics that might help to improve current relapse-prevention interventions
Depressive symptoms and automatic negative thoughts as predictors of suicidal ideation in Mexican adolescents
(Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 2021) Secundino-Guadarrama, Gabriela; Veytia-López, Marcela; Guadarrama-Guadarrama, Rosalinda; Míguez Varela, María del Carmen; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía
Introduction. Since little is known about the factors associated with suicidal ideation in adolescents, identifying them is important for developing suitable preventive strategies. Objective. To analyze the variables associated with the presence of suicidal ideation, as well as the predictive power of depressive symptoms and negative automatic thoughts. Method. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 409 students between the ages of 15 and 19 randomly selected in a public school in the State of Mexico. An ad hoc questionnaire that gathered information on sociodemographic and psychological variables and substance use, the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies (CESD-R), the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ-30), and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) were administered. Results. From the total of the sample, 14.9% presented suicidal ideation. A positive, significant association was observed between the latter and gender, having divorced parents, professing Catholicism, using tobacco and drugs, and having experienced violence and anguish in the last semester, presenting depressive symptoms, negative automatic thoughts and having attempted suicide. Being a woman (OR = 2.55 [1.02, 6.38]), using drugs (OR = 3.44 [1.23, 9.57]), having probable depression (OR = 4.37 [1.68, 11.36]), experiencing negative thoughts (OR = 6.03 [2.40, 15.10]), and having attempted suicide (OR = 22.66 [1.58, 325.29]) predicted the appearance of suicidal ideas. Discussion and conclusion. Risk factors for suicidal ideation in adolescents have been identified and they must be taken into account in preventive programs.
La prevención de la conducta suicida en adolescentes en el ámbito escolar: una revisión sistemática
(Sociedad Chilena de Psicología Clínica, 2021) Míguez Varela, María del Carmen; Val, Alba; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía
Antecedentes: El suicido representa un grave problema de salud pública en el mundo, siendo actualmente la segunda causa de muerte en jóvenes con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y los 29 años. Objetivo: El propósito de la presente revisión es conocer los programas que existen en el ámbito escolar para prevenir el comportamiento suicida, con el fin de determinar qué tipo de programas y qué estrategias son efectivas para disminuirlo. Método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de los estudios publicados entre 2010 y 2018 en las bases de datos PsycINFO, Medline y SCOPUS. Resultados: En los 16 artículos incluidos en esta revisión, se analizan 13 programas diferentes aplicados en el ámbito escolar. Se hallaron 3 tipos de programas de prevención del suicidio: universales, selectivos e indicados. Conclusiones: La prevención universal es el tipo de programa más aplicado y efectivo en este ámbito. Las estrategias de intervención que componen los programas son la educación, el entrenamiento de guardianes y de pares. También el entrenamiento de habilidades, de afrontamiento, de resolución de problemas y de comunicación, protegen del suicidio a los estudiantes.
Impact of menstrual cycle on smoking cessation: a review
(Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 2023) Núñez-Lauriano, Mariana; Lira-Mandujano, Jennifer; Míguez Varela, María del Carmen; Tiburcio, Marcela; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía
Background. Information on the way menstrual cycle phases can influence the achievement of tobacco abstinence is contradictory. Objective. A scope review was conducted to determine the effect of the menstrual cycle on tobacco abstinence, considering the phases of the cycle, hormone levels, and premenstrual syndrome. Method. A literature search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases. Ten articles comparing the phases of the menstrual cycle or analyzing the association between premenstrual syndrome and a withdrawal condition (length of abstinence or withdrawal symptoms) were included. Results. Two main results were identified: 1) there is no difference in withdrawal symptoms and craving between menstrual cycle phases and 2) abstinence rates in the studies were higher during the luteal phase. Discussion and conclusion. The advisability of suggesting that women wishing to quit smoking should begin to do so at the start of the luteal phrase is discussed. However, smoking cessation interventions must consider all the symptoms experienced during the luteal phase
Perinatal depression in the spanish context: consensus report from the General Council of Psychology of Spain
(Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid, 2023) Rodríguez-Muñoz, María F.; Motrico, Emma; Míguez Varela, María del Carmen; Chaves, Covadonga; Suso-Ribera, Carlos; Duque, Almudena; García Salinas, María; Caparrós González, Rafael Arcángel; Kovacheva, Katina; García López, Helena; Peñacoba, Cecilia; Osma López, Jorge Javier; Martín Agudiez, Nuria; Vázquez-Batán, Patricia; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía
Perinatal depression is a major public health problem, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 15% during the first postpartum year. Despite the high prevalence of postpartum depression, there is no consensus regarding assessment and treatment in the Spanish context. The General Council of Psychology of Spain convened a working group of experts in the field, including both academics and healthcare professionals, to review and propose recommendations based on evidence and best practices that could be applied in the Spanish context. Method: A literature search was completed in various databases (e.g., Medline, PsychInfo) including a combination of terms related to peripartum depression (PPD) assessment and diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and cost-effectiveness. A narrative synthesis of the literature has been conducted together with a critical overview of PPD with a special focus on the Spanish context. Results: In this consensus report, developing questions including prevalence and assessment tools, comparative effectiveness of preventive and treatment interventions, and cost-effectiveness of PPD management have been analyzed. Conclusions: The General Council of Psychology of Spain network advocates the establishment of compulsory screening protocols in all the autonomous regions. Also, it is necessary to promote the inclusion in maternal education of programs for the promotion of mental well-being and selective/indicated prevention carried out by a psychology professional with specialized training in the area. This consensus document also promotes the presence of a psychology professional with specialized training in the area.
Risk factors for antenatal depression: a review
(Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 2021) Míguez Varela, María del Carmen; Vázquez, Belén; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía
Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in pregnancy, and yet it is less studied than postpartum depression despite the consequences it may have on both the pregnant woman and her offspring. Therefore, it would be important to know which risk factors may favour the appearance of antenatal depression in order to carry out appropriate prevention interventions. The aim of the present review was to identify the main risk factors of antenatal depression. We searched in databases PubMed and PsycINFO for articles published about the factors associated with antenatal depression from January 2010 through December 2020. The literature review identified three main groups of antenatal depression risk factors: sociodemographic, obstetric, and psychological. First, among the sociodemographic variables, the low level of studies and the economic income clearly stood out from the rest. Then, not having planned the pregnancy was the main obstetric variable, and finally, the main psychological risk factors were having a history of psychological disorders and/or depression as well as presenting anxiety, stress, and/or low social support during pregnancy. This review shows that the antenatal depression is affected by multiple factors. Most can be identified at the beginning of the pregnancy, and some are risk factors potentially modifiable through appropriate interventions, such as psychological factors. For this reason, it is important to carry out a good screening for depression during pregnancy and consequently, be able to prevent its appearance or treat it if necessary
Family conflict and the use of conventional and electronic cigarettes in adolescence: the role of impulsivity traits
(Springer Nature, 2023) Eslava, D.; Martínez Vispo, Carmela; Villanueva Blasco, Víctor José; Errasti Pérez, Jose M.; Al-Halabí, Susana; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía
Adolescents’ use of tobacco is a worldwide problem due to the negative consequences on their physical and psychosocial development. One contextual variable related to tobacco use is family conflict. Previous research has suggested that the relationship between family conflict and tobacco use could be mediated by personality traits. The aim of this study is to examine the direct and indirect effects of family conflict on tobacco use (conventional and electronic cigarettes) through specific impulsivity constructs. The sample comprised 879 adolescents (56.4% male; M(SD)age = 14.25 (1.88) years). Multiple mediational analysis showed that there was no significant direct effect between family conflict and tobacco use; however, an indirect effect was found between family conflict and conventional cigarette use through sensation seeking and premeditation. With electronic cigarettes, a significant indirect effect was found via sensation seeking. These findings have implications in terms of prevention and treatment of tobacco use during adolescence.
Effectiveness of a universal personalized intervention for the prevention of anxiety disorders: Protocol of a randomized controlled trial (the prevANS project)
(Elsevier, 2023) Moreno-Peral, Patricia; Rodríguez Morejón, Alberto; Bellón Saameño, Juan Ángel; García Huércano, C.; Martínez Vispo, Carmela; Campos-Paino, Henar; Galán Ortega, Santiago; Reyes-Martín, Sara; Sanchez-Aguadero, Natalia; Henriques, Margarida; Motrico, Emma; Conejo Cerón, Sonia; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía
Background: To date, all preventive anxiety disorders interventions are one-fit-all and none of them are based on individual level and risk profile. The aim of this project is to design, develop and evaluate an online personalized intervention based on a risk algorithm for the universal prevention of anxiety disorders in the general population. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel arms (prevANS vs usual care) and 1-year follow- up including 2000 participants without anxiety disorders from Spain and Portugal will be conducted. The prevANS intervention will be self-guided and can be implemented from the prevANS web or from the participants' Smartphone (through an App). The prevANS intervention will have different intensities depending on the risk level of the population, evaluated from the risk algorithm for anxiety: predictA. Both low and moderate-high risk participants will receive information on their level and profile (risk factors) of anxiety disorders, will have access to stress management tools and psychoeducational information periodically. In addition, participants with a moderate-high risk of anxiety disorders will also have access to cognitive-behavioral training (problem-solving, decision-making, communication skills, and working with thoughts). The control group will not receive any intervention, but they will fill out the same questionnaires as the intervention group. Assessments will be completed at baseline, 6 and 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome is the cumulative incidence of anxiety disorders. Secondary outcomes include depressive and anxiety symptoms, risk probability of anxiety disorders (predictA algorithm) and depression (predictD algorithm), improvement in physical and mental quality of life, and acceptability and satisfaction with the intervention. In addition, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses will also be carried out from two perspectives, societal and health system, and analyses of mediators and moderators will also be performed
Prevalence of postpartum major depression and depressive symptoms in Spanish women: A longitudinal study up to 1 year postpartum
(Elsevier, 2023-08-28) Míguez Varela, María del Carmen; Vázquez, M. Belén; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía
Objective Depression is a prevalent mental disorder in the postpartum period, with consequences for both the mother and her offspring. However, longitudinal studies determining the moments of greatest vulnerability and severity of depression during the postpartum period are scarce. The aims of this research were to determine the prevalence and trajectories of probable depression and major depression during the first year postpartum. Design Longitudinal study. Setting Interviews were conducted personally at three times: 2 months, 6 months and 1 year postpartum. Participants 561 postpartum women. Measurements and findings Depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Descriptive and comparative analyses have been carried out. The prevalence of probable depression at 2 months, 6 months and 1 year postpartum, using a cut-off point ≥ 10, was 30.3%, 26.0% and 25.3%, respectively; and that of major depression using SCID was 10.3%, 10.9% and 14.8, respectively. The prevalence of probable depression was highest at 2 months postpartum and that of major depression at 1 year postpartum. Probable depression followed a downward trajectory and major depression followed an upward trajectory. Key conclusions and implications for practice The clinical relevance of this research is that it has made it possible to demonstrate that depression is very prevalent in the first year postpartum and that, far from subsiding, the prevalence remains very high even at 1 year postpartum. Our findings highlight the importance of taking mental health care into account throughout at least the first year postpartum
Sleep disturbance, psychological distress and perceived burden in female family caregivers of dependent patients with dementia: a case-control study
(MDPI, 2022) Simón, Miguel Ángel; Otero Felipe, Patricia; Blanco Seoane, Vanessa; Bueno, Ana M.; Vázquez González, Fernando Lino; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psicoloxía Evolutiva e da Educación
This case-control study analyzed the sleep disturbance, psychological distress and perceived burden in female family caregivers of dependent people with dementia (n = 74) compared with female family caregivers of dependent people without dementia (n = 74) and with age-matched non-caregiver control females (n = 74). Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) and an ad hoc questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data. There were significant differences between the groups in PSQI total (F = 24.93; p < 0.001), psychological distress (F = 26.71; p < 0.001) and in all sleep domains assessed: subjective sleep quality (F = 16.19; p < 0.001), sleep latency (F = 9.5; p< 0.001), sleep duration (F = 18.57; p < 0.001), habitual sleep efficiency (F = 19.77; p < 0.001), sleep disturbances (F = 9.22; p < 0.001), use of sleep medications (F = 4.24; p< 0.01) and daytime dysfunction (F = 5.57; p < 0.01). In all measures, the female family caregivers of dependent people with dementia showed the significantly higher mean scores. Regarding the two groups of female caregivers, statistically significant differences were found in daily hours of care (t = −2.45; p < 0.05) and perceived burden (t = −3.65; p < 0.001), as well as in the following dimensions of caregiver burden: time-dependence burden (t = −5.09; p < 0.001), developmental burden (t = −2.42; p < 0.05) and physical burden (t = −2.89; p < 0.01). These findings suggest that female family caregivers of dependent patients with dementia should be subject to psychopathological screening and preventive cognitive-behavioral interventions in clinical practice in primary health care

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