Os albores da topoloxía

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A Topoloxía é un campo das matemáticas relativamente moderno que se asenta sobre a noción de espazo topolóxico, o cal á súa vez se basea no concepto de conxunto aberto. O obxectivo deste traballo é realizar unha lectura crítica e revisión do artigo The emergence of open sets, closed sets and limit points in analysis and topology e presentar de forma simple e ordenada o proceso histórico que no artigo se narra de como se foron desenvolvendo os conceptos básicos para a topoloxía así como a posterior competencia entre as diferentes definicións de espazo topolóxico que se foron dando na primeira metade do século XX, concluíndo co asentamento da definición moderna na segunda metade do século. Durante o traballo, estableceranse comparacións entre as definicións máis primitivas de certos conceptos e as hoxe formalizadas como definicións estándar de ditas ideas, facilitando a comprensión do proceso de evolución das diferentes definicións.
Topology is a relatively modern field of mathematics that lies on the notion of topological space, which in turn is based on the concept of open set. The aim of this project is to carry out a critical reading and revision of the article The emergence of open sets, closed sets and limit points in analysis and topology and to present in a simple and arranged way the historical process which is narrated on the article of how basic concepts for topology were developed, as well as the subsequent competence between the different definitions for topological space which were stated in the firrst half of the XXth century, concluding with the settling of the modern definition in the second half of the century. During the project, comparisons between the different and most primitive definitions of certain concepts and the nowadays formalised as standard definitions of such ideas will be established, facilitating the comprehension of the process of evolution of the different definitions

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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2021-2022

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