Las funciones de Bessel y la función Gamma
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[ES] Las funciones de Bessel son unas funciones especiales con múltiples aplicaciones en
ecuaciones diferenciales, matemática aplicada y física matemática. Surgen en distintos
contextos y de diferentes maneras, siendo una de ellas como soluciones de una ecuación
diferencial ordinaria llamada ecuación de Bessel.
La función gamma es una función muy importante en muchas ramas de las matemáticas que extiende la definición del factorial de un número entero no negativo. El objetivo
de introducirla en este trabajo es la utilización en el estudio de las funciones de Bessel.
Comenzamos con un capítulo dedicado a esta función y a ver algunas de sus interesantes
propiedades.
Posteriormente, definimos la ecuación de Bessel y nos centramos en la búsqueda de su
solución general. Es durante el procedimiento de búsqueda de la solución general cuando
aparecen las funciones de Bessel. Deducimos algunas de sus propiedades, definimos las
series de Bessel, vemos la función generatriz, probamos la fórmula integral y mostramos
una fracción continua infinita. También representamos algunas funciones en MAPLE y
escribimos el código para una fórmula de recurrencia en MATLAB.
Finalmente, aplicamos las funciones de Bessel en el estudio de las vibraciones de una
membrana circular
[EN] Bessel functions are a kind of special funcions appearing in differential equations, applied mathematics and mathematical phisics. They arise in different contexts such as solutions of an ordinary differential equation named the Bessel equation. The gamma function is a very important function in many areas of mathematics. It extends the definition of the factorial function of a non negative integer. We introduce the gamma function in order to use it on the study of Bessel functions. We start with a chapter dedicated to define this funcions and to prove some of its interesting properties. Subsequently, we define the Bessel equation and we focus on determining its general solution. Bessel functions appear during the search of the general soluction. We deduce some of their properties, define spherical Bessel funcions, see the generating function, prove the integral formula and show an infinite continued fraction. We also plot some Bessel functions in MAPLE and implement the program of a recursive formula in MATLAB. Finally, we use Bessel functions in the study of the vibrations of a circular membrane
[EN] Bessel functions are a kind of special funcions appearing in differential equations, applied mathematics and mathematical phisics. They arise in different contexts such as solutions of an ordinary differential equation named the Bessel equation. The gamma function is a very important function in many areas of mathematics. It extends the definition of the factorial function of a non negative integer. We introduce the gamma function in order to use it on the study of Bessel functions. We start with a chapter dedicated to define this funcions and to prove some of its interesting properties. Subsequently, we define the Bessel equation and we focus on determining its general solution. Bessel functions appear during the search of the general soluction. We deduce some of their properties, define spherical Bessel funcions, see the generating function, prove the integral formula and show an infinite continued fraction. We also plot some Bessel functions in MAPLE and implement the program of a recursive formula in MATLAB. Finally, we use Bessel functions in the study of the vibrations of a circular membrane
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Traballo de Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2019-2020
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