Teorema de Hasse-Minkowski
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En este trabajo enunciaremos y demostraremos el Teorema de Hasse-Minkowski. Este resultado es muy importante en teoría de números, al permitir determinar la existencia de soluciones racionales de ecuaciones dadas por formas cuadráticas. Para ello primeramente, recordaremos algunas nociones algebraicas sobre cuerpos finitos, formas cuadráticas, y sobre el Símbolo de Legendre y la Ley de Reciprocidad Cuadrática. Luego introduciremos el cuerpo de los números p-ádicos a partir del estudio de los valores absolutos sobre cuerpos y analizaremos en profundidad su estructura y propiedades básicas. Además, veremos cómo se comportan las soluciones de polinomios sobre ellos a lo largo de diferentes resultados, entre los que destaca el Lema de Hensel. A continuación definiremos el Símbolo de Hilbert y obtendremos algunos resultados de utilidad, estableciendo una relación entre este símbolo y el de Legendre. Finalmente, estudiaremos los cuerpos locales y las formas cuadráticas sobre los mismos. Todos estos conceptos y resultados trabajados nos permitirán probar el Teorema de Hasse-Minkowski y ver algún ejemplo de aplicación a formas cuadráticas concretas y a otros resultados de teoría de números sobre sumas de cuadrados de números enteros.
In this work we will formulate and prove the Hasse-Minkowski Theorem. This result is very important in number theory, as it allows to determine the existence of rational solutions of equations given by quadratic forms. To do so, we will first recall some algebraic notions of finite fields, quadratic forms, and about the Legendre Symbol and the Quadratic Reciprocity Law. Then we will introduce the field of the p-adic numbers from the study of the absolute values on fields and we will analyze in depth its structure and basic properties. In addition, we will see how the solutions of polynomials on them behave throughout different results, among which Hensel’s Lemma stands out. Next, we will define the Hilbert Symbol and obtain some usefulresults, establishing a relationship between this symbol and the Legendre symbol. Finally, we will study the local fields and the quadratic forms on them. All these concepts and results worked will allow us to prove the Hasse-Minkowski Theorem and see some examples of application to concrete quadratic forms and other results of number theory on sums of squares of integers
In this work we will formulate and prove the Hasse-Minkowski Theorem. This result is very important in number theory, as it allows to determine the existence of rational solutions of equations given by quadratic forms. To do so, we will first recall some algebraic notions of finite fields, quadratic forms, and about the Legendre Symbol and the Quadratic Reciprocity Law. Then we will introduce the field of the p-adic numbers from the study of the absolute values on fields and we will analyze in depth its structure and basic properties. In addition, we will see how the solutions of polynomials on them behave throughout different results, among which Hensel’s Lemma stands out. Next, we will define the Hilbert Symbol and obtain some usefulresults, establishing a relationship between this symbol and the Legendre symbol. Finally, we will study the local fields and the quadratic forms on them. All these concepts and results worked will allow us to prove the Hasse-Minkowski Theorem and see some examples of application to concrete quadratic forms and other results of number theory on sums of squares of integers
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