Ecuacións de Euler-Lagrange en variedades

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[GL] O obxetivo principal deste traballo, é a introducción dos SODEs no fibrado tanxente e no fibrado tanxente extendido, así coma a importancia das ecuaccións de Euler-Lagrange e a súa utilidade. Para isto, necesitamos describir o fibrado tanxente 𝘛𝘘 como variedade diferenciable, e os seus elementos xeométricos, como a estructura tanxente canónica, o campo de vectores de Liouville ou os levantamentos de campos de vectores. Tamén extenderemos todos estes conceptos á variedade diferenciable 𝕽 x 𝘛𝘘. Para entender ben todo o anterior, axudarémonos de dous exemplos, no primeiro caso, cando o lagriangiano non depende do tempo, estudaremos o movemento dun péndulo simple, e no segundo, cando o lagrangiano depende do tempo, estudaremos o péndulo simple que se move sobre un anel.
[EN] The main objective of this work is the introduction of SODEs in the tangent bundle and in the extended tangent bundle, as well as the importance of the Euler-Lagrange equations and their usefulness. To that end, we need to describe the tangent bundle 𝑇𝑄 as a differentiable manifold and its geometrical elements, such as the canonical tangent structure, the Liouville vector field or the vector field lifts. We will also extend all these concepts to the differentiable variety 𝕽 x 𝑇𝑄. In order to understand all the above, we will use two examples, in the first case, when the lagrangian does not depend on time, we will study the motion of a simple pendulum, and in the second, when the lagrangian depends on time, we will study the simple pendulum moving on a ring.

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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2020-2021

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