Fractales: la interacción entre distancia y medida
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[ES] Los fractales son un tipo de conjuntos conocidos por ser “irregulares” a todas las escalas y,
usualmente, ser “autosimilares”. Además, tienen una sorprendente variedad de aplicaciones
desde modelización de superficies de la naturaleza hasta el estudio de sistemas dinámicos
pasando por aplicaciones en economía, física o astronomía.
En este trabajo nos centraremos en comprender con cierto detalle las matemáticas detrás
de la geometría fractal. Así, definiremos y estudiaremos las principales herramientas matemáticas
usadas para describir y estudiar fractales. En particular, definiremos un concepto
de dimensión que permitirá a los fractales tener como dimensión un número real positivo
cualquiera. Además, daremos un significado preciso y estudiaremos la irregularidad y la
autosimilitud comentadas.
Finalmente, comentaremos brevemente algunas de sus aplicaciones en distintas disciplinas
matemáticas.
[EN] Fractal sets are known for being “irregular” and, usually, “self-similar”. Moreover, they have a surprising variety of applications including modelation of natural surfaces, study of dynamical systems and applications in economy, physics or astronomy. In this work we will try to understand the mathematics behind fractal geometry. We will define and study the main mathematical tools needed to describe and study fractal sets. In particular, we will define a concept of dimension that will allow fractal sets to have any positive real number as their dimension. Furthermore, we will give a precise meaning to the mentioned irregularity and self-similarity. Finally, we will briefly comment some of the applications in different branches of mathematics.
[EN] Fractal sets are known for being “irregular” and, usually, “self-similar”. Moreover, they have a surprising variety of applications including modelation of natural surfaces, study of dynamical systems and applications in economy, physics or astronomy. In this work we will try to understand the mathematics behind fractal geometry. We will define and study the main mathematical tools needed to describe and study fractal sets. In particular, we will define a concept of dimension that will allow fractal sets to have any positive real number as their dimension. Furthermore, we will give a precise meaning to the mentioned irregularity and self-similarity. Finally, we will briefly comment some of the applications in different branches of mathematics.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2019-2020
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