Minimización de funcionais por medio do cálculo de variacións
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[ES] En este trabajo veremos cómo comenzó la teoría del cálculo de variaciones. Para ello,
se estudiará la minimización de los funcionales desde los ejemplos más clásicos. Esto nos
llevará a uno de los resultados más trascendentes en el cálculo variacional, la ecuación
de Euler-Lagrange. Además, analizaremos varios ejemplos de cómo aplicar esta ecuación
en función de la forma del funcional. También extenderemos los resultados vistos para
funcionales con derivadas de orden superior obteniendo la ecuación de la primera y segunda
variación. Por último, veremos los multiplicadores de Lagrange para poder abordar el
problema isoperimétrico con su famoso ejemplo, el problema de Dido
[EN] In this work we will see how the theory of calculus of variation began. To do so, we will study the minimization of the functional ones from the most classic examples. This will lead us to one of the most transcendental results in variational calculus, the Euler-Lagrange equation. Moreover, we will analyze several examples of how to apply this equation as a function of the functional form. We will also extend the results already seen for functionals with higher order derivatives by obtaining the equation of the first and second variation. Finally, we will see the Lagrange multipliers in order to address the isoperimetric problem with its famous example, Dido´s problem
[EN] In this work we will see how the theory of calculus of variation began. To do so, we will study the minimization of the functional ones from the most classic examples. This will lead us to one of the most transcendental results in variational calculus, the Euler-Lagrange equation. Moreover, we will analyze several examples of how to apply this equation as a function of the functional form. We will also extend the results already seen for functionals with higher order derivatives by obtaining the equation of the first and second variation. Finally, we will see the Lagrange multipliers in order to address the isoperimetric problem with its famous example, Dido´s problem
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Traballo de Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2019-2020
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