Differentiated politicization of discourses on Twitter in response to COVID-19: a comparison of local governments in Colombia

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Introduction: When facing objective threatening situations such as the global pandemic caused by COVID-19, the messages of political leaders acquire a fundamental role in sustaining the social order and in the implementation of measures created to face the crisis. For this purpose, they construct differentiated discourses with emotional and ideological referents that legitimize government administration and configure a politicized collective identity. Therefore, this research analyzed the language used on Twitter (now X) of 18 mayors of the main cities of Colombia during the pandemic, with the objective of identifying frames of meaning of the threatening reality according to their political orientation (left-right). Methodology: Through a longitudinal non-experimental study, accounts were monitored for three weeks before and three weeks after the first officially registered case of COVID-19 in the country. Results: Right-wing mayors diffused mainly negative emotions to legitimize obedience; while left-wing mayors combined positive and negative emotions (anxiety and anger) to promote coping. Discussion: The findings reflect differentiated processes of collective identity that are politicized in the socio-political context of the health crisis. Conclusions: Further research on the instrumentalization of cognitive and emotional frames in the political context is recommended, given that they allow us to reveal communication strategies that influence public opinion as a frame of reference to overcome threatening situations at a global level. Also, the use of advanced data mining for the study of beliefs and emotions in real time that is communicated in digital media.
Introducción: Frente a situaciones objetivas de amenaza como la pandemia mundial ocasionada por la COVID-19, los mensajes de líderes políticos adquieren un papel fundamental en el sostenimiento del orden social y en la implementación de medidas para afrontar la crisis. Para ello, construyen discursos diferenciados con referentes emocionales e ideológicos que legitiman la gestión de gobierno y configuran una identidad colectiva politizada. Esta investigación analizó el lenguaje utilizado en Twitter (ahora X) de 18 alcaldes de ciudades de Colombia durante la pandemia, con el objetivo de identificar marcos de significado de la realidad amenazante según su orientación política (izquierda-derecha). Metodología: Mediante un estudio longitudinal no experimental, se monitorearon las cuentas durante tres semanas antes y tres después del primer caso de COVID-19 registrado oficialmente en el país. Resultados: Los alcaldes de derecha difundieron principalmente emociones negativas para legitimar la obediencia; mientras que los alcaldes de izquierda combinaron emociones positivas y negativas (ansiedad e ira) para promover el afrontamiento a la situación. Discusión: Los hallazgos reflejan procesos diferenciados de identidad colectiva que se politizan en el contexto sociopolítico de la crisis sanitaria. Conclusiones: Se recomienda continuar la investigación sobre la instrumentalización de marcos cognitivos y emocionales en el contexto político, dado que permite develar estrategias de comunicación que inciden en la opinión pública como marco de referencia para superar situaciones amenazantes a nivel global. Asimismo, el uso de minería de datos avanzada para el estudio de creencias y emociones en tiempo real que se comunica en medios digitales.

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Barreto-Galeano, María Idaly; Rico-Revelo, Diana; Velandia-Morales, Andrea; Aguilar-Pardo, David; Garzón Velandia, Diana Camila; Carvajal-Builes, Juan Camilo; Carrillo-Ramírez, Alexis y Sabucedo-Cameselle, José Manuel (2025). Differentiated politicization of discourses on Twitter in response to COVID-19: a comparison of local governments in Colombia = Politización diferenciada de discursos en Twitter ante la COVID-19: comparación de gobiernos locales en Colombia. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 83, 01-21. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2025-2307

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This research is the result of a political analysis of the Observatory of Social Networks for Studies in Psychology. Interinstitutional Research Project with the collaboration of researchers from the Catholic University of Colombia and the Universidad del Norte in Colombia with the University of Santiago de Compostela and the University of La Laguna in Spain. The project is funded by the corresponding university institutions [number: 4110048. Start date: January 16, 2023-present day].

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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International