La prevención de la conducta suicida en adolescentes en el ámbito escolar: una revisión sistemática
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ISSN: 0718-4808
E-ISSN: 0716-6184
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Sociedad Chilena de Psicología Clínica
Abstract
Antecedentes: El suicido representa un grave problema de salud pública en el mundo, siendo actualmente la segunda causa de muerte en jóvenes con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y los 29 años. Objetivo: El propósito de la presente revisión es conocer los programas que existen en el ámbito escolar para prevenir el comportamiento suicida, con el fin de determinar qué tipo de programas y qué estrategias son efectivas para disminuirlo. Método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de los estudios publicados entre 2010 y 2018 en las bases de datos PsycINFO, Medline y SCOPUS. Resultados: En los 16 artículos incluidos en esta revisión, se analizan 13 programas diferentes aplicados en el ámbito escolar. Se hallaron 3 tipos de programas de prevención del suicidio: universales, selectivos e indicados. Conclusiones: La prevención universal es el tipo de programa más aplicado y efectivo en este ámbito. Las estrategias de intervención que componen los programas son la educación, el entrenamiento de guardianes y de pares. También el entrenamiento de habilidades, de afrontamiento, de resolución de problemas y de comunicación, protegen del suicidio a los estudiantes.
Background: Suicide represents a serious public health problem in the world and is currently the second cause of death in young people between the ages of 15 and 29. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to know the programs that exist in the school to prevent suicidal behavior, in order to decide what kind of programs and which strategies are the most effective to reduce it. Method: A bibliographic review of the studies published between 2010 and 2018 in the PsycINFO, Medline and SCOPUS databases was carried out. Results: In the 16 articles included in this review, 13 different programs applied in the school are analyzed. Three types of suicide prevention programs were found: universal, selective and indicated. Conclusions: It is observed that universal prevention is the most applied and effective type of program in this field. The intervention strategies that integrate the programs are education, peer and guardian training. Also, coping, problem-solving and communication skills training protect students from suicide.
Background: Suicide represents a serious public health problem in the world and is currently the second cause of death in young people between the ages of 15 and 29. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to know the programs that exist in the school to prevent suicidal behavior, in order to decide what kind of programs and which strategies are the most effective to reduce it. Method: A bibliographic review of the studies published between 2010 and 2018 in the PsycINFO, Medline and SCOPUS databases was carried out. Results: In the 16 articles included in this review, 13 different programs applied in the school are analyzed. Three types of suicide prevention programs were found: universal, selective and indicated. Conclusions: It is observed that universal prevention is the most applied and effective type of program in this field. The intervention strategies that integrate the programs are education, peer and guardian training. Also, coping, problem-solving and communication skills training protect students from suicide.
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Val, A. & Míguez, M. C. (2021). La prevención de la conducta suicida en adolescentes en el ámbito escolar : una revisión sistemática. Terapia Psicológica, 39(1), 145-162
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082021000100145Sponsors
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© 2021 Terapia Psicológica. Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)







