Cuándo sospechar la enfermedad anti-IgLON5 en trastornos del movimiento
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Introducción: La enfermedad por anticuerpos anti-IgLON5 es un trastorno autoinmune que afecta al sistema nervioso central y se caracteriza por trastornos del sueño, alteraciones bulbares, corea y trastorno cognitivo. Se ha descrito un fenotipo muy similar al de la parálisis supranuclear progresiva. Dado que se trata de una enfermedad con tratamiento es importante que no se deje de diagnosticar.
Objetivos: Identificar los signos y síntomas que deberían guiar hacia el diagnóstico de la enfermedad anti-IgLON5 dentro de los trastornos del movimiento.
Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en la siguiente base de datos: MEDLINE (vía PubMed). Los componentes de la búsqueda fueron: (anti-IgLON5 disease).
Dado que la cantidad de estudios es escasa, no se aplicó la escala PEDro.
Resultados: De los 84 estudios identificados, se incluyeron 32 en el análisis cualitativo. Se tabularon los síntomas clínicos reportados, los resultados de las pruebas complementarias
y los tratamientos recibidos. Destacan los síntomas más frecuentes y algunos síntomas
excepcionales con desarrollo de casos menos habituales. Así como el método diagnóstico más eficiente.
Conclusiones: Los síntomas más característicos son: trastorno del sueño, trastornos del
movimiento y síntomas bulbares en un amplio abanico de combinaciones, por eso debería
preguntarse por ellos, principalmente por el sueño. Cuadros de otras enfermedades, como la
PSP, deberían revalorarse ante síntomas que no encajen plenamente. El método diagnóstico
más eficiente son los anticuerpos, algunas pruebas complementarias dan resultados inespecíficos (RM, TC, EEG). El tratamiento inmunomodulador precoz puede cambiar el rumbo de la enfermedad
Introduction: Anti-IgLON5 antibody disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system and is characterized by sleep disorders, bulbar disorders, chorea,and cognitive impairment. A phenotype very similar to that of progressive supranuclear palsy has been described. Since it is a disease with treatment, it is important that it is not left undiagnosed. Objectives: To identify the signs and symptoms that should guide towards the diagnosis of anti-IgLON5 disease within movement disorders. Material and methods: A systematic search was carried out in the following database: MEDLINE (via PubMed). The search components were: (anti-IgLON5 disease). Since the number of studies is small, the PEDro scale was not applied. Results: Of the 84 studies identified, 32 were included in the qualitative analysis. The clinical symptoms reported, the results of the complementary tests and the treatments received were tabulated. The most frequent symptoms and some exceptional symptoms with the development of less common cases stand out, as well as the most efficient diagnostic method. Conclusions: The most characteristic symptoms are: sleep disorders, movement disorders and bulbar symptoms in a wide range of combinations, which is why one should ask about them, mainly about sleep. Diagnosis of other diseases, such as PSP, should be reassessed in the event of symptoms that do not fully match. The most efficient diagnostic method are antibodies, some complementary tests give non-specific results (MRI, CT, EEG). Early immunomodulatory treatment can change the course of the disease
Introduction: Anti-IgLON5 antibody disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system and is characterized by sleep disorders, bulbar disorders, chorea,and cognitive impairment. A phenotype very similar to that of progressive supranuclear palsy has been described. Since it is a disease with treatment, it is important that it is not left undiagnosed. Objectives: To identify the signs and symptoms that should guide towards the diagnosis of anti-IgLON5 disease within movement disorders. Material and methods: A systematic search was carried out in the following database: MEDLINE (via PubMed). The search components were: (anti-IgLON5 disease). Since the number of studies is small, the PEDro scale was not applied. Results: Of the 84 studies identified, 32 were included in the qualitative analysis. The clinical symptoms reported, the results of the complementary tests and the treatments received were tabulated. The most frequent symptoms and some exceptional symptoms with the development of less common cases stand out, as well as the most efficient diagnostic method. Conclusions: The most characteristic symptoms are: sleep disorders, movement disorders and bulbar symptoms in a wide range of combinations, which is why one should ask about them, mainly about sleep. Diagnosis of other diseases, such as PSP, should be reassessed in the event of symptoms that do not fully match. The most efficient diagnostic method are antibodies, some complementary tests give non-specific results (MRI, CT, EEG). Early immunomodulatory treatment can change the course of the disease
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Medicina. Curso 2022-2023
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