Masculinidad y feminidad en los puestos directivos
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[ES] La mayoría de las investigaciones (Eagly y Johnson, 1990; Garcia- Retamero y López-Zafra, 2002), ha intentado mostrar las diferencias existentes entre hombres y mujeres a la hora de liderar, aportando datos bastante contradictorios. Esta investigación propone analizar variables sociales referentes al género y no vinculadas directamente al sexo. Esto quiere decir, variables vinculadas tradicionalmente a un sexo, pero de forma estereotípica, y no extrapolable a la realidad. Se pretende comprobar si existen diferencias en el liderazgo cuando las variables de género difieren y si estas diferencias no ocurren cuando lo que varía es el sexo del líder. Además queremos ver los efectos que provocan el género y el liderazgo sobre la satisfacción laboral. Para ello hemos realizado un análisis con los datos obtenidos de los/as trabajadores/as de 5 empresas. Los resultados obtenidos confirman nuestras mejores expectativas. Los análisis muestran que la variable “feminidad” es la que más efectos tiene sobre el liderazgo transaccional y transformacional. No obstante cuando seleccionamos los ítems positivamente valorados que describen “masculinidad positiva” y “feminidad positiva”, los efectos sobre las variables dependientes se disparan, siendo las que más efectos tienen en la mayoría de subescalas de estos dos tipos de liderazgo. En cuanto a la satisfacción laboral, el liderazgo transformacional tiene mayor influencia que el liderazgo transaccional. A su vez la feminidad positiva es la que más efectos tiene sobre la satisfacción laboral.
[EN] Most researches (Eagly y Johnson, 1990; Garcia- Retamero y López-Zafra, 2002) had tried to show the differences between men and women when it comes to leading, finding extraordinarily opposite results. This research means to analyse social variables related to gender but not directly linked to sex. This means, variables traditionally linked to sex but in a stereotypical way which cannot be extrapolated to reality. We try to show data about leadership differences when the gender variables differ and the inexistence of differences if there is a change in the sex of the leader. Moreover, we want to check the effect that both gender and leadership have on job satisfaction, for this reason we have carried out some analyses with the figures obtained from workers of 5 companies. The obtained results prove our best expectations. Analyses show that the femininity variable is the one which has a deeper effect on transactional and transformational leadership. Nevertheless, when positively valued items, which describe both positive masculinity and positive femininity, are chosen, the effects on the dependent variable increase dramatically, being the ones with more effects on the majority of the subscales of these two types of leadership. Regarding job satisfaction, transformational leadership has a deeper influence than transactional leadership. At the same time, positive femininity shows a higher influence on job satisfaction.
[EN] Most researches (Eagly y Johnson, 1990; Garcia- Retamero y López-Zafra, 2002) had tried to show the differences between men and women when it comes to leading, finding extraordinarily opposite results. This research means to analyse social variables related to gender but not directly linked to sex. This means, variables traditionally linked to sex but in a stereotypical way which cannot be extrapolated to reality. We try to show data about leadership differences when the gender variables differ and the inexistence of differences if there is a change in the sex of the leader. Moreover, we want to check the effect that both gender and leadership have on job satisfaction, for this reason we have carried out some analyses with the figures obtained from workers of 5 companies. The obtained results prove our best expectations. Analyses show that the femininity variable is the one which has a deeper effect on transactional and transformational leadership. Nevertheless, when positively valued items, which describe both positive masculinity and positive femininity, are chosen, the effects on the dependent variable increase dramatically, being the ones with more effects on the majority of the subscales of these two types of leadership. Regarding job satisfaction, transformational leadership has a deeper influence than transactional leadership. At the same time, positive femininity shows a higher influence on job satisfaction.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Psicoloxía. Curso 2014-2015
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