De los contenidos a las competencias: aprender transversalmente a través del conocimiento social
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Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
Abstract
Este artículo aborda la contribución del conocimiento social escolar a la adquisición de aprendizajes transversales, bien sea a través de contenidos de gran relevancia social y fuerte componente actitudinal o a través de competencias clave. Para ello, se revisa tanto la legislación educativa española como la recomendación del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo que insta a los Gobiernos de la Unión Europea a introducir la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de competencias clave en sus estrategias de aprendizaje permanente. En este contexto, se presta especial atención a las competencias sociales y cívicas, que implican la capacidad para situar el conocimiento social al servicio del funcionamiento democrático de la sociedad. No obstante, el enfoque metodológico centrado en las competencias clave que propugnan las disposiciones curriculares vigentes supone cambios de largo alcance en la concepción de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, en la organización escolar y en la propia cultura profesional de los docentes. La búsqueda de aprendizajes transversales requiere nuevas formas de enseñar y aprender que superan los estrechos límites de las materias tradicionales, por lo que se concluye planteando la necesidad de desarrollar en el aula estrategias que posibiliten un trabajo docente colaborativo, un análisis reflexivo conjunto de los criterios de evaluación y de los estándares de aprendizaje, y un continuo intercambio de información sobre el proceso de aprendizaje del alumnado.
This paper deals with the contribution of school social knowledge to the acquisition of transversal learning, either through contents of great social relevance and strong attitude component or through key competences. To do so, both the Spanish educational legislation and the recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council that urges the governments of the European Union to introduce the teaching and learning of key competences in their lifelong learning strategies are reviewed. In this context, special attention is given to social and civic competences, which imply the ability to put social knowledge at the disposal of the democratic functioning of society. However, the methodological perspective based on key competences, which today shape a growing number of curricula, implies particular teaching approaches as well as changes to school organisation and professional culture. The search for transversal learning requires new ways of teaching and learning that exceed the narrow limits of traditional subjects. Therefore, the paper concludes by stating the need to develop strategies in the classroom that enable a collaborative teaching work, a joint discussion regarding assessment standards, and a continuous exchange of information about the learning development of students.
This paper deals with the contribution of school social knowledge to the acquisition of transversal learning, either through contents of great social relevance and strong attitude component or through key competences. To do so, both the Spanish educational legislation and the recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council that urges the governments of the European Union to introduce the teaching and learning of key competences in their lifelong learning strategies are reviewed. In this context, special attention is given to social and civic competences, which imply the ability to put social knowledge at the disposal of the democratic functioning of society. However, the methodological perspective based on key competences, which today shape a growing number of curricula, implies particular teaching approaches as well as changes to school organisation and professional culture. The search for transversal learning requires new ways of teaching and learning that exceed the narrow limits of traditional subjects. Therefore, the paper concludes by stating the need to develop strategies in the classroom that enable a collaborative teaching work, a joint discussion regarding assessment standards, and a continuous exchange of information about the learning development of students.
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RODRÍGUEZ LESTEGÁS, F., MACÍA ARCE, X. C., ARMAS QUINTÁ, F. X. (2020). De los contenidos a las competencias: aprender transversalmente a través del conocimiento social. Innovación Educativa 30. 41-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15304/ie.30.6944.
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