Mitos sobre la violencia sexual contra mujeres en personal penitenciario chileno
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Universidade de Santiago de Compostela ; Sociedad Española de Psicología Jurídica y Forense
Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de adherencia a mitos -entendidos como creencias y estereotipos- sobre las agresiones sexuales contra mujeres adultas, enuna muestra de 120 funcionarios penitenciarios, tanto uniformados como profesionales psicosociales de la institución. Se utilizó un diseño multi-método para obtener unamedida fiable, con una versión breve de 14 ítems de la escala AMMSA validada en muestra chilena; dos viñetas sobre escenarios frecuentes de agresión sexual que difierenen el vínculo con el ofensor, consultándose sobre el grado de responsabilidad ycredibilidad otorgada al agresor y la víctima; por último, se pidió una estimación de lasdenuncias falsas en delitos sexuales. Entre los resultados, destaca la elevada percepción subjetiva de engaño sobre estas denuncias, superior a las cifras reales disponibles yconvergente con la preponderancia del mito de que las “mujeres engañan, mienten o exageran respecto a la violencia sexual”. Asimismo, los resultados de la escala muestran niveles de aceptación de mitos similares a la población general chilena, levemente superiores en los gendarmes e inferiores en los profesionales participantes; se constató además el impacto del factor educativo y del género en los resultados obtenidos. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados, especialmente el impacto del factor educativo, su incidencia para las políticas públicas, junto a los beneficios de unaaproximación multi-método para el estudio de las creencias sobre la violencia sexual,que plantea limitaciones asociadas a la deseabilidad social en la respuesta
The current study aims to evaluate the level of acceptance of modern myths about sexual aggression (understood as stereotyped beliefs) against adult women victims, in a correctional staff sample of 120 participants, involving officers and psychosocial professionals. Three different methods were used in order to gain reliability: a Chilean shorter version of the AMMSA scale with 14 items; two vignettes describing sexual aggression scenarios, which emphasise and compare the relationship between victim and offender (acquaintance versus stranger); and finally, we asked for an estimation of false allegations in adult sexual assault cases. The results show a high subjective perception of false reports, far higher from what scientific evidence has previously shown (2% to 10%), which is interpreted here as the prominence of the myth regarding women deceptiveness/ exaggeration about sexual violence. The results in AMMSA were similar to those exhibited by general Chilean population, except by the psychosocial professionals, who showed a diminished level of myths acceptance. As expected, educational level and gender played also a role in the results. Finally, the implications of the results concerning the creation of future policies are discussed, especially the impact of the educational factor, together with the benefits of a multi-method approach to the study of beliefs about sexual violence which would allow a better approach to the limitations imposed by social desirability in the response
The current study aims to evaluate the level of acceptance of modern myths about sexual aggression (understood as stereotyped beliefs) against adult women victims, in a correctional staff sample of 120 participants, involving officers and psychosocial professionals. Three different methods were used in order to gain reliability: a Chilean shorter version of the AMMSA scale with 14 items; two vignettes describing sexual aggression scenarios, which emphasise and compare the relationship between victim and offender (acquaintance versus stranger); and finally, we asked for an estimation of false allegations in adult sexual assault cases. The results show a high subjective perception of false reports, far higher from what scientific evidence has previously shown (2% to 10%), which is interpreted here as the prominence of the myth regarding women deceptiveness/ exaggeration about sexual violence. The results in AMMSA were similar to those exhibited by general Chilean population, except by the psychosocial professionals, who showed a diminished level of myths acceptance. As expected, educational level and gender played also a role in the results. Finally, the implications of the results concerning the creation of future policies are discussed, especially the impact of the educational factor, together with the benefits of a multi-method approach to the study of beliefs about sexual violence which would allow a better approach to the limitations imposed by social desirability in the response
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Camplá, X., Novo Pérez, M., & Arce Fernández, R. (2018). Mitos sobre la violencia sexual contra mujeres en personal penitenciario chileno. In Sociedad Española de Psicología Jurídica y Forense, E. Carbonell, D. Pineda & M. Novo (Eds.), Psicología jurídica: Ciencia y profesións (pp. 85-106). Santiago de Compostela: Sociedad Española de Psicología Jurídica y Forense
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http://sepjf.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Vol.-15.-Psicolog%C3%ADa-Jur%C3%ADdica.-Ciencia-y-profesi%C3%B3n.pdfSponsors
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