Influencia da estacionalidade nos ingresos hospitalarios de pacientes diagnosticadas con Anorexia Nerviosa : unha replicación

Abstract

[GL] O estudo das influencias estacionais na Anorexia Nerviosa (AN) e en concreto a temperatura ambiental (AT) veñen producindo resultados inesperados en canto á influencia sobre a actividade física das pacientes e o peso no momento das admisións hospitalarias. O noso obxecetivo foi explorar as diferenzas estacionais no índice de masa corporal (IMC) entre os subtipos de Anorexia Nerviosa tipo Restrictivo (ANR) e o tipo con atacaduras e purgas (ANBP). Analizáronse de maneira retrospectiva as historias clínicas de 84 admisións consecutivas na Unidade de Desordes da Alimentación do Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela durante o período 2003-2013. Os criterios de inclusión foron ingresar baixo o diagnóstico de AN según os criterios do DSM-IVe ser muller. Dividíronse os ingresos das pacientes en dous grupos, as que ingresaron durante o semestre frío e que ingresaron durante o semestre cálido. A análise do índice de masa corporal (IMC) no ingreso revelou que o subtipo ANBP presenta un IMC maior que o subtipo ANR ao longo dos dous semestre, sendo esta diferenza soamente significativa no semestre frío. O patrón de flutuación do peso en ambos grupos de pacientes indica un maior IMC no semestre frío en comparación co semestre cálido, mostrando o grupo ANR unha diferenza menor que o grupo ANBP. Os resultados revelaron que as diferenzas no IMC entre os subtipos ANR e ANBP a pesar das diferenzas atopadas, asemellan ser estables ao longo do semestre frío e o semestre cálido.[EN] The study of the seasonal influences in the Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and specifically the ambient temperature comes causing unexpected results as for the influence on the physical activity of the patients and the weight at the moment of hospital admissions. Our objective was to explore the seasonal differences in the body mass index (BMI) among the subtypes of Anorexia Nervosa restrictive type (ANR) and the type with bellyfuls and purges (ANBP). The clinical histories of 84 consecutive admissions to the Unit of Eating Disorders of the Santiago de Compostela Hospital Complex during the period 2003-2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The inclusions criteria were to admit under the diagnosis of AN according to the criteria of DSM-IV and to be a woman. The admissions of the patients were divided into two groups, the ones who were admitted in cold semesters and who were admitted in the warm semester. The BMI analysis at the moment of the admission revealed that the subtype ANBP shows a higher BMI than the subtype ARN throughout the two semesters, being this difference only significant in the cold semesters. The weight fluctuation pattern in both groups of patients indicates a higher BMI in the cold semesters compared with the warm semesters, showing in the ANR group a minor difference than the ANBP group. The results reveal that the differences in the BMI among the subtypes ANR and ANBP despite the differences found, appear to be stable throughout the cold semester and the warm semester.