Sexo, sexismo, identidade de xénero e agresión: Análise da relación nunha mostra de 473 adolescentes galegos

Abstract

[GL] Este traballo intenta determinar en que medida a realización de condutas agresivas se ve condicionada polas variables sexo, sexismo e identidade de xénero nos xóvenes galegos. Para iso realizouse un estudo empírico cunha mostra de 473 adolescentes (222 homes e 251 mulleres), con idades comprendidas entre os 14 e os 18 anos, pertencentes a distintas localidades da Comunidade Autónoma de Galicia. A todos os participantes se lles aplicou a versión en castelán do Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick e Fiske, 1996), o Extended Personal Attributes Questionnaire (Spence e Helmreich, 1979) e o Direct and Indirect Aggression Scale (Björkqvist, Lagerspetz e Österman, 1992). Os resultados confirman que as actitudes sexistas e as condutas agresivas seguen moi presentes nos xóvenes escolarizados. A presenza destas condutas e actitudes vese condicionada polo sexo biolóxico e os rasgos de xénero asumidos polos rapaces, atopándose que: a) os homes son máis sexistas e agreden con máis frecuencia que as mulleres; b) a masculinidade negativa (os aspectos socialmente indesexables da masculinidade) é un bo preditor da agresión tanto en homes como en mulleres; c) a feminidade só contribue a explicar a agresión nas mulleres, e d) o sexismo relaciónase positivamente coa agresión en ambos sexos. A natureza destes achados revela a importancia dos factores educacionais e ambientais na xénese da agresión, así como a conveniencia de iniciar medidas preventivas adicionais para a erradicación da violencia entre os máis novos.

[EN] This work was made to determine the way in which aggressive behavior could be influenced by sex, sexism and gender identity in Galician youth. An empirical research was made counting on a sample of 473 adolescents (222 men and 251 women), aged between 14 and 18, from different locations of the Autonomous Community of Galicia. It was applied to all participants the Spanish version of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1996), the Extended Personal Attributes Questionnaire (Spence & Helmreich, 1979) and the Direct and Indirect Aggression Scale (Björkqvist, Lagerspetz & Österman, 1992). The results show that sexist attitudes and aggressive behavior continue to be present in schooled youth. The presence of these behaviors and attitudes is conditioned by adolescents´ sex and gender attributes, so it was found that: a) men are more sexist and aggressive than women; b) negative masculinity (social undesirable attributes of masculinity) is a good predictor of aggressive behavior; c) femininity only contributes to explain the aggressive behavior in women, and d), sexism is positively related to aggression in both sexes. The nature of these findings reveals the importance of educational and environmental factors in the genesis of aggression, and the convenience of taking preventing actions to eradicate violence in youth people.