Impacto neuropsicológico y Reserva Cognitiva en la Esclerosis Múltiple: revisión sistemática y propuesta de intervención
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La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad con un importante impacto neuropsicológico en aquellos que la padecen y constituye una de las principales causas de discapacidad en personas jóvenes. Sin embargo, la gravedad y la intensidad de los síntomas no se relaciona completamente con el daño fisiológico de la enfermedad y existe una importante variabilidad individual incluso ante el mismo subtipo de enfermedad y la misma afectación fisiológica. La investigación reciente apunta a la Reserva Cognitiva (RC) como factor explicativo de esta variabilidad individual y del impacto que la propia enfermedad tiene en el desempeño cognitivo. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo diseñar un plan de intervención neuropsicológica destinado a incidir en la RC de personas con EM y, en consecuencia, minimizar el impacto neuropsicológico de la enfermedad. Para ello se realizó una revisión sistemática acerca de la intervención neuropsicológica en la EM en relación a la RC. Los resultados de la revisión indican que las intervenciones neuropsicológicas, fundamentalmente aquellas que incluyen plataformas digitales de entrenamiento cognitivo y el ejercicio físico, consiguen incidir en dos de las variables fundamentales de la RC: la neuroplasticidad y el funcionamiento cognitivo. Partiendo de estos resultados, se desarrolla una propuesta de intervención que aúna la información proveniente de la revisión con otras fuentes de información acerca de las variables relacionadas con la RC y las características propias de las personas con EM. Con esta propuesta se pretende dar cobertura a una necesidad con un escaso recorrido hasta la fecha, como es la prevención de la afectación neuropsicológica en la EM
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease with a significant neuropsychological impact on those who suffer from it and it is one of the main causes of disability in young people. However, the severity and intensity of the symptoms are not completely related to the physiological damage of the disease and there is a significant individual variability even with the same disease subtype and physiological involvement. Recent research points to the Cognitive Reserve (CR) as an explanatory factor for this individual variability and the impact that the disease itself has on cognitive performance. The present work is intended to design a neuropsychological intervention plan aimed to influence the CR of people with MS and, consequently, minimize the neuropsychological impact of the disease. A systematic review of neuropsychological intervention in MS in relation to CR was carried out. The results indicate that neuropsychological interventions, mainly those that include digital cognitive training platforms and physical exercise, manage to influence two of the fundamental variables of CR: neuroplasticity and cognitive functioning. Based on these results, an intervention proposal that combines the information from the review with other sources of information about the variables related to CR and the characteristics of people with MS is developed. This intervention proposal aims to cover a need with a limited path to date, such as the prevention of neuropsychological involvement in MS
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease with a significant neuropsychological impact on those who suffer from it and it is one of the main causes of disability in young people. However, the severity and intensity of the symptoms are not completely related to the physiological damage of the disease and there is a significant individual variability even with the same disease subtype and physiological involvement. Recent research points to the Cognitive Reserve (CR) as an explanatory factor for this individual variability and the impact that the disease itself has on cognitive performance. The present work is intended to design a neuropsychological intervention plan aimed to influence the CR of people with MS and, consequently, minimize the neuropsychological impact of the disease. A systematic review of neuropsychological intervention in MS in relation to CR was carried out. The results indicate that neuropsychological interventions, mainly those that include digital cognitive training platforms and physical exercise, manage to influence two of the fundamental variables of CR: neuroplasticity and cognitive functioning. Based on these results, an intervention proposal that combines the information from the review with other sources of information about the variables related to CR and the characteristics of people with MS is developed. This intervention proposal aims to cover a need with a limited path to date, such as the prevention of neuropsychological involvement in MS
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Traballo Fin de Máster Psicoloxía Xeral Sanitaria. Curso 2020-2021
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