La Europa Social del siglo XXI. El debate europeo y un balance desde España
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Ministerio de Trabajo y Economía Social
Abstract
Este artículo aborda la evolución, desafíos y debates actuales en la dimensión social de la Unión Europea (UE). Desde la aprobación del Programa de Acción Social de la UE en 1974, se ha observado un crecimiento significativo en la legislación social de la UE, con un enfoque en el empleo, las condiciones laborales y la participación de los trabajadores. Sin embargo, persisten desafíos pendientes, como la migración laboral, que requieren atención. Al margen de la actividad legislativa, la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia ha ampliado los límites de la normativa comunitaria, aunque también han surgido actos “paraconstitucionales” con un impacto importante. Puede decirse que el panorama del acervo social de la UE es complejo y en constante evolución, con herramientas que cobran relevancia en momentos específicos. En materia de libre circulación, a nivel europeo, el Brexit y la propuesta de “movimiento justo” han generado debates sobre la igualdad de trato y la gestión de la migración, además de plantear preocupaciones sobre el “brain drain” y las lecciones aprendidas de la pandemia de COVID-19. En España, el tema es pacífico. El trabajo reconoce la influencia de la armonización de legislaciones nacionales en el Derecho del Trabajo y la Seguridad Social en España. Sin embargo, existen debates sobre el desplazamiento de trabajadores y la eficacia de la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales en la protección de los derechos sociales. A pesar de los avances, persiste la interrogante sobre si la UE logrará convertirse en una Unión Social Europea y superar la percepción de ser exclusivamente económica. Las opiniones académicas y políticas difieren, pero la voluntad política y el liderazgo serán clave para definir el futuro de una Europa social.
This paper discusses developments, challenges and current debates in the social dimension of the European Union (EU). Since the adoption of the Social Action Programme in 1974, there has been significant growth in EU social legislation, with a focus on employment, working conditions and workers’ participation. However, there are still outstanding challenges, such as labour migration, which require attention. Apart from legislative activity, the case law of the Court of Justice has pushed the boundaries of EU law, but “paraconstitutional” acts have also emerged with an important impact. The landscape of the EU social acquis is complex and constantly evolving, with tools becoming relevant at specific moments in time. In terms of free movement, at the European level, Brexit and the ‘fair movement’ proposal have generated debates on equal treatment and migration management, as well as raising concerns about the ‘brain drain’ and lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. In Spain, the issue is a peaceful one. The paper acknowledges the influence of the harmonisation of national legislation on labour and social security law in Spain. However, there are debates about the posting of workers and the effectiveness of the Charter of Fundamental Rights in the protection of social rights. Despite progress, questions remain as to whether the EU will succeed in becoming a European Social Union and overcome the perception of being exclusively economic. Academic and political opinions differ, but political will and leadership will be key to defining the future of a social Europe.
This paper discusses developments, challenges and current debates in the social dimension of the European Union (EU). Since the adoption of the Social Action Programme in 1974, there has been significant growth in EU social legislation, with a focus on employment, working conditions and workers’ participation. However, there are still outstanding challenges, such as labour migration, which require attention. Apart from legislative activity, the case law of the Court of Justice has pushed the boundaries of EU law, but “paraconstitutional” acts have also emerged with an important impact. The landscape of the EU social acquis is complex and constantly evolving, with tools becoming relevant at specific moments in time. In terms of free movement, at the European level, Brexit and the ‘fair movement’ proposal have generated debates on equal treatment and migration management, as well as raising concerns about the ‘brain drain’ and lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. In Spain, the issue is a peaceful one. The paper acknowledges the influence of the harmonisation of national legislation on labour and social security law in Spain. However, there are debates about the posting of workers and the effectiveness of the Charter of Fundamental Rights in the protection of social rights. Despite progress, questions remain as to whether the EU will succeed in becoming a European Social Union and overcome the perception of being exclusively economic. Academic and political opinions differ, but political will and leadership will be key to defining the future of a social Europe.
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Unión Europea| Programa de acción social| Libre circulación| Armonización| Desplazamientos de trabajadores| Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales| Transición ecológica| Comercio internacional| Negociación colectiva| European Union| Social action programme| Free movement| Harmonisation| Posting of workers| Charter of Fundamental Rights| Ecological transition| International trade| Collective bargaining
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https://doi.org/10.55617/revmites.46Sponsors
Este trabajo forma parte de los resultados del proyecto de investigación PID2021-122254OB-I00 “La incidencia del derecho de la Unión Europea en las futuras reformas laborales”, concedido y financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER).
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Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International








