Impacto de las leyes de control del tabaquismo en la exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco en Galicia (2005-2011)
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ISSN: 0213-9111
E-ISSN: 1578-1283
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Elsevier
Abstract
Objetivo
La estimación de la prevalencia de exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco (HAT) permite aproximar el impacto de las leyes orientadas al control del tabaquismo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer cómo varió la prevalencia de exposición autodeclarada al HAT en Galicia entre los años 2005 (previo a la Ley 28/2005) y 2011 (posterior a la Ley 42/2010).
Métodos
Información aportada por cinco estudios transversales telefónicos independientes de base poblacional entre los años 2005 y 2011 en población de 16 a 74 años de edad (n = 34.419). Se estimaron prevalencias de exposición acompañadas de intervalos de confianza del 95% en función del ámbito de exposición autodeclarada y del consumo de tabaco.
Resultados
En 2005, antes de la implementación de la Ley 28/2005, un 95% de la población declaró estar expuesta al HAT; en 2011, después de la implementación de la Ley 42/2010, esta prevalencia fue del 28%. En función del ámbito donde se produce la exposición al HAT, el descenso más importante en 2006, tras la implantación de la Ley 28/2005, fue en el trabajo, y en 2011 en los lugares de ocio. La prevalencia de exposición en el hogar disminuyó al inicio del periodo a estudio y después se mantuvo sin cambios.
Conclusiones
En Galicia, en el periodo 2005-2011 disminuyó de forma importante la prevalencia autodeclarada de exposición al HAT, en especial después de la implantación de las Leyes 28/2005 y 42/2010. No obstante, uno de cada cuatro gallegos de 16 a 74 años de edad declararon estar expuestos en 2011.
Objective Prevalence of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is a valuable index to assess the impact of the laws for tobacco control. The objective of this work is to analyse variations in the prevalence of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in Galicia (Spain) between 2005, before the Law 28/2005, and 2011, after the law 42/2010. Methods Data were obtained from five population-based independent cross-sectional studies, telephone surveys, developed in Galicia between 2005 and 2011 among population aged 16 to 74 (n = 34.419). Self-reported exposure among population aged between 16 and 74 was analysed by setting and tobacco consumption by prevalence with 95% confidence intervals. Results Environmental tobacco smoke exposure decreased dramatically in Galicia between 2005 and 2011. In 2005, before the Law 28/2005, 95% of the population reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke compared to 28% in 2011, after the Law 42/2010. Decrease was greater in workplaces in 2006 and in leisure time venues in 2011. After an initial decrease in 2006, exposure at home remains unchanged. Conclusions An important reduction in self-reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke occurred in Galicia in the period 2005-2011, specially after the introduction of Laws 28/2005 and 42/2010. Nevertheless, one in four of the population aged 16 to 74 remained exposed in 2011.
Objective Prevalence of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is a valuable index to assess the impact of the laws for tobacco control. The objective of this work is to analyse variations in the prevalence of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in Galicia (Spain) between 2005, before the Law 28/2005, and 2011, after the law 42/2010. Methods Data were obtained from five population-based independent cross-sectional studies, telephone surveys, developed in Galicia between 2005 and 2011 among population aged 16 to 74 (n = 34.419). Self-reported exposure among population aged between 16 and 74 was analysed by setting and tobacco consumption by prevalence with 95% confidence intervals. Results Environmental tobacco smoke exposure decreased dramatically in Galicia between 2005 and 2011. In 2005, before the Law 28/2005, 95% of the population reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke compared to 28% in 2011, after the Law 42/2010. Decrease was greater in workplaces in 2006 and in leisure time venues in 2011. After an initial decrease in 2006, exposure at home remains unchanged. Conclusions An important reduction in self-reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke occurred in Galicia in the period 2005-2011, specially after the introduction of Laws 28/2005 and 42/2010. Nevertheless, one in four of the population aged 16 to 74 remained exposed in 2011.
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Bibliographic citation
Pérez-Ríos, M., Santiago-Pérez, M. I., Malvar, A., García, M. J., Seoane, B., Suanzes, J., & Hervada, X. (2014). Impacto de las leyes de control del tabaquismo en la exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco en Galicia (2005-2011). Gaceta Sanitaria, 28(1), 20-24.
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2013.04.010Sponsors
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Copyright © 2013 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. This article is available under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license and permits non-commercial use of the work as published, without adaptation or alteration provided the work is fully attributed







