Revisión sistemática del patrón clínico de las reacciones de hipersensibilidad causadas por carboplatino en dos áreas geográficas: Massachusetts y España
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INTRODUCCIÓN: La creciente disponibilidad de fármacos y el incremento de su uso ha implicado un aumento en las reacciones de hipersensibilidad. Las reacciones de hipersensibilidad frente al carboplatino pueden implicar la retirada del fármaco, conllevando a que el paciente no pueda recibir la primera, o incluso, la única línea terapéutica. La desensibilización es un procedimiento que permite al paciente recibir, de manera segura el fármaco, cuando no existen alternativas similares. Esta técnica se fundamenta en la administración controlada de dosis crecientes de fármaco, induciendo en el paciente, una tolerancia temporal, permitiendo así que pueda continuar con su tratamiento.
OBJETIVO: Analizar el patrón clínico de las reacciones de hipersensibilidad a carboplatino, centrándonos en los síntomas y en la patología tumoral de base, así como el análisis de los síntomas observados durante los procedimientos de desensibilización
DISEÑO Y FUENTES DE DATOS: Revisión sistemática de los artículos publicados en PubMed desde 2015 hasta diciembre de 2020 en España y Massachusetts
RESULTADOS: Esta revisión se basa en la comparación de 5 artículos, en la que pacientes con diversas patologías tumorales han recibido carboplatino. Los síntomas cutáneos aparecen en el 100% de los pacientes, siendo el eritema la entidad más frecuente.
CONCLUSIÓN: En la reacción de hipersensibilidad inicial a carboplatino la sintomatología cutánea es la más prevalente (eritema y prurito), seguido de sintomatología respiratoria, cardiovascular y gastrointestinal. Los pacientes afectos de tumor de ovario presentan especial susceptibilidad a desarrollar una reacción de hipersensibilidad.
El procedimiento de desensibilización es seguro, siendo poco frecuente la aparición de reacciones durante el mismo, las cuales, en caso de existir, suelen ser de menor gravedad que la reacción inicial. En relación con el carboplatino, la mayoría de los síntomas observados son cutáneos
INTRODUCTION: The increasing availability of pharmaceutical drugs and their use has implied an increase in hypersensitivity reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin could lead to the discontinuation of the drug administration, even when it is the first or only therapeutic line. Desensitization is a procedure that allows the patient to receive the pharmaceutical drug in a safe manner when there are no other similar alternatives. This technique is based on a controlled administration of incremental doses of the drug, inducing a temporary tolerance in the patient, thus allowing them to continue with the treatment. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical pattern of hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin focusing on the symptoms and the underlying tumor pathology, as well as the analysis of the symptoms observed during desensitization procedures. DESIGN AND DATA SOURCES: Systematic review of articles published in PubMed from 2015 to December 2020 in Spain and / or Massachusetts area. RESULTS: This review is based on the comparison of 5 articles, in which patients with various tumor pathologies have been administered carboplatin. Skin symptoms appear in 100% of patients, erythema being the most frequent one. CONCLUSION: The initial hypersensitivity reaction to carboplatin consists mainly of cutaneous symptoms (erythema and pruritus) but also respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms are shown, although to a minor extent. Patients with ovarian tumors are particularly susceptible to developing a hypersensitivity reaction. Desensitization procedure is safe and the appearance of reactions during the process is infrequent. If reactions occur, they are usually less serious than the initial reaction. In the case of carboplatin, most of the observed symptoms are cutaneous
INTRODUCTION: The increasing availability of pharmaceutical drugs and their use has implied an increase in hypersensitivity reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin could lead to the discontinuation of the drug administration, even when it is the first or only therapeutic line. Desensitization is a procedure that allows the patient to receive the pharmaceutical drug in a safe manner when there are no other similar alternatives. This technique is based on a controlled administration of incremental doses of the drug, inducing a temporary tolerance in the patient, thus allowing them to continue with the treatment. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical pattern of hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin focusing on the symptoms and the underlying tumor pathology, as well as the analysis of the symptoms observed during desensitization procedures. DESIGN AND DATA SOURCES: Systematic review of articles published in PubMed from 2015 to December 2020 in Spain and / or Massachusetts area. RESULTS: This review is based on the comparison of 5 articles, in which patients with various tumor pathologies have been administered carboplatin. Skin symptoms appear in 100% of patients, erythema being the most frequent one. CONCLUSION: The initial hypersensitivity reaction to carboplatin consists mainly of cutaneous symptoms (erythema and pruritus) but also respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms are shown, although to a minor extent. Patients with ovarian tumors are particularly susceptible to developing a hypersensitivity reaction. Desensitization procedure is safe and the appearance of reactions during the process is infrequent. If reactions occur, they are usually less serious than the initial reaction. In the case of carboplatin, most of the observed symptoms are cutaneous
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Medicina. Curso 2020-2021
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