Curvas ROC
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La curva ROC es una herramienta estadística empleada ampliamente en el ámbito sanitario
para evaluar la capacidad diagnóstica de una prueba médica, a la hora de clasificar a una población en dos grupos: pacientes enfermos y pacientes sanos. Es decir, se analizará la capacidad de
que una cierta variable, que se denotará variable diagnóstico, sea capaz de clasificar a los sujetos
a estudio en sanos y enfermos.
En este trabajo se revisan los principales conceptos relacionados con la curva ROC, que
permiten, entre otras cosas, obtener su definición y su representación gráfica junto con sus índices
resumen, destacando el área bajo la curva, que ayuda a evaluar la capacidad discriminatoria de
una prueba y el índice de Youden, que es importante a la hora seleccionar un punto de corte
óptimo en función de los objetivos a estudio. También se incluyen otros métodos para seleccionar
dicho umbral.
Además, se presentarán, de manera general, los principales métodos estadísticos para estimar
la curva ROC en función del conocimiento de la distribución que sigue la variable diagnóstico
asociada a cada categoría de interés. Es decir, se introducirán métodos de estimación tanto paramétricos como no paramétricos. El funcionamiento de dichos estimadores se ilustrará gracias
a datos simulados y al análisis de una base de datos reales. Dichas ilustraciones han sido desarrolladas utilizando el software estadístico y el código usado puede encontrarse en el Anexo
I de este documento.
The ROC curve is a statistical tool widely used in the healthcare field to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of a medical test when classifying a population into two groups: unhealthy patinents and healthy patients. The capacity of a certain variable, which we will denote by diagnostic variable, to classify the subjects of a study into healthy and unhealthy will be analysed. This work reviews the main concepts related to the ROC curve. We will introduce its definition, graphic representation and its summary indices. It highlights the area under the curve which helps to evaluate the discriminatory capacity of a test and the Youden index. This index is important when the main goal is to select an optimal cut-off point according to the objectives under study. Other methods for selecting the cut-off point are also included. In addition, this paper presents in broad terms the main statistical methods for estimating the ROC curve based on knowledge of the distribution of the diagnostic variable associated with each category of interest. That is, we will introduce both parametric and non-parametric estimation methods. The performance of these estimators will be illustrated using both simulated and real datasets. These illustrations have been developed using the statistical software and the code used can be found in Annex I
The ROC curve is a statistical tool widely used in the healthcare field to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of a medical test when classifying a population into two groups: unhealthy patinents and healthy patients. The capacity of a certain variable, which we will denote by diagnostic variable, to classify the subjects of a study into healthy and unhealthy will be analysed. This work reviews the main concepts related to the ROC curve. We will introduce its definition, graphic representation and its summary indices. It highlights the area under the curve which helps to evaluate the discriminatory capacity of a test and the Youden index. This index is important when the main goal is to select an optimal cut-off point according to the objectives under study. Other methods for selecting the cut-off point are also included. In addition, this paper presents in broad terms the main statistical methods for estimating the ROC curve based on knowledge of the distribution of the diagnostic variable associated with each category of interest. That is, we will introduce both parametric and non-parametric estimation methods. The performance of these estimators will be illustrated using both simulated and real datasets. These illustrations have been developed using the statistical software and the code used can be found in Annex I
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2021-2022
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