Factores de risco familiares para as conductas autolesivas non suicidas en adolescentes

Abstract

As autolesións non suicidas (NSSI polas súas siglas en inglés) son unha problemática con elevada prevalencia en adolescentes. Relacionáronse cunha variedade de factores de risco, entre os que parecen identificarse variables familiares. A importancia destas non é un fenómeno exclusivo das NSSI, senón que existe evidencia da súa influencia en distintos aspectos da saúde mental. Neste sentido, o obxectivo deste traballo foi responder as seguintes preguntas: existen factores familiares que aumentan o risco das NSSI en adolescentes? E de ser así, cales? Para elo levouse a cabo unha revisión bibliográfica sistemática dos artigos publicados nos últimos dez anos que avaliaban variables familiares como factores de risco para NSSI en adolescentes. De dita busca seleccionáronse 22 artigos que conforman esta revisión. Estes agrupáronse en función das características das mostras empregadas, tipo de deseño, método de avaliación das NSSI, e variables analizadas. Atopouse que existen factores familiares que actúan como factores de risco de NSSI en adolescente. Concretamente, o funcionamento familiar en xeral, as prácticas de crianza, a presencia de eventos vitais familiares negativos e a relación pais-fillos. Finalmente, recóllese unha proposta de intervención familiar, aplicable en adolescentes que presentan NSSI relacionadas con factores de risco familiaresNon-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is a problem with a high prevalence in adolescents. They have been related to a variety of risk factors, among which family variables seem to be identified. The importance of these is not an exclusive phenomenon of NSSI. There is evidence of their influence on different aspects of mental health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to answer the following questions: Are there family factors that increase the risk of NSSI in adolescents? And if so, which ones? For this purpose, a systematic review of articles published in the last ten years evaluating family variables as risk factors for NSSI in adolescents was carried out. From this search 22 articles were selected. These make up this review and were grouped according to the characteristics of the samples used, type of design, method of assessment of NSSI, and variables analysed. It was found that there are family factors that act as risk factors for NSSI in adolescents. Specifically, family functioning in general, parenting practices, the presence of negative family life events and the parent-child relationship. Finally, it is presented a family intervention proposal, which can be applied to adolescents that report NSSI related to family risk factors