Understanding the image of Saudi Arabia in Europe through X

Abstract

Saudi Arabia has been at the center of global discussions due to its economic, political, and social influence. In the digital age, social media platforms like X have become critical spaces for shaping and analyzing public perceptions. This thesis explores how Saudi Arabia’s image is constructed and perceived in Europe through discourse on X. The research adopts a qualitative approach, analyzing posts, hashtags, and user engagement to identify key narratives and sentiments. By examining recurring themes, influential accounts, and media coverage, this study highlights the factors that contribute to either a positive or negative portrayal of the country. The findings reveal that political events, economic policies, human rights debates, and cultural representations significantly shape discussions about Saudi Arabia. A major focus of the study is on how different actors such as journalists, policymakers, activists, and ordinary users engage in these conversations. The role of misinformation, bias in reporting, and agenda-setting by Western and Saudi-based media outlets is also explored.